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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Cement and concrete
…provide a framework for measuring and accounting emissions to support the development of definitions and standards, among other usesInteroperable and net zero compatible methodologies can improve clarity and reduce reporting burden. Existing schemes offer a robust basis, but some require revisions to make them fit for purpose, and a method to translate among methodologies is needed.Chain of custody schemes help track materials and attributes through supply chains, and alternative schemes are emerging as mechanisms to provide flexibility and encourage action on decarbonisation. In all cases, robust reporting and verification are important to avoid double-counting emissions reductions and ens...
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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+ 4 pages
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Fertilisers
…look to develop harmonised lifecycle emissions accounting methodologies, establish an internationally recognised certification and labelling system, and make use of these methodologies and systems within relevant policies. The process should be closely co-ordinated with relevant work from initiatives in the hydrogen sector to ensure compatibility across value chains.Governments and initiatives should agree to establish a global set of guidelines that define metrics and thresholds to promote and track soil health. This should include efforts to systematically report and monitor indicators of soil health, crop productivity, and fertiliser use, as well as an agreement to share information.Separately, governments…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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+ 4 pages
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Jean-Baptiste Dubreuil
Former Senior Natural Gas Analyst.
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Financing Electricity Access in Africa Executive summary
…However, investment and financing remain significant barriers. Finance for electricity access is scarce and relies too much on public sources According to IEA tracking, less than USD 2.5 billion was committed for new electricity access connections in sub-Saharan Africa in 2023. This includes international public and private spending on a range of solutions, such as market support and ecosystem building. Following a pandemic-related dip in 2020, financial commitments rebounded in 2021, then grew steadily by 5% annually. Total commitments are now around one-quarter higher than they were in 2019. Roughly half of financing is for access…
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Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa Executive summary
Clean cooking access is a defining challenge for Africa’s prosperity and social development The world has made immense progress in improving access to clean cooking facilities, but to date momentum has been slower in Africa. Today, 2 billion people worldwide – a quarter of the global population – still cook over open fires or on basic stoves, inhaling harmful smoke and spending hours in search of fuels such as firewood or animal waste. Since 2010, almost 1.5 billion people in Asia and Latin America gained access to modern cooking stoves and fuels, halving the number of people without clean cooking in…
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Tim Gould
Chief Energy Economist. Tim Gould was appointed the Agency's Chief Energy Economist in 2021. As Chief Energy Economist, he provides strategic advice on energy economics across a wide range of IEA activities and analysis. Mr Gould is also Head of the Office of the Chief Energy Economist, in which capacity he co-leads the World Energy Outlook, the IEA's flagship publication series, and oversees the Agency's work on investment and finance, including the World Energy Investment report.Mr Gould joined the IEA in 2008, initially as a specialist on Russian and Caspian energy, and in recent years has designed and directed a wide range of IEA analytical outputs, while continuing to contribute also as an author. Prior to joining the IEA, Mr Gould worked on European and Eurasian energy issues in Brussels and has ten years of experience in Eastern Europe, primarily in Ukraine. He graduated from Oxford University and has a post-graduate diploma from the School of Advanced International Stu...
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Luca Lo Re
International Climate and Energy Analyst. Luca Lo Re leads the IEA work in the OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group. With OECD colleagues, he produces papers to enhance the understanding of technical issues in international climate change negotiations and Paris Agreement implementation. In particular, his works focuses on international carbon markets (Art. 6 of the Paris Agreement). He also leads the organisation of the annual IEA-IETA-EPRI GHG Emissions Trading Workshop, and supports various works of the Agency related to Net Zero.
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Adam Sieminski
President, King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center. Adam Sieminski became head of the King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center in Riyadh in April 2018. Prior to his appointment, he held senior roles on energy issues at a range of leading policy and research organisations and also previously served as Administrator of the US Energy Information Administration.
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Peru
Peru’s government identified the development of electricity from renewable energy sources as a public necessity of national interest. The country established a National Renewable Energy Development Plan to be funded by the Annual Budget Law, external debt operations, direct investments and contributions from international institutions.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![Peru Flag]()
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Ronan Graham
Senior Energy Security Analyst.
