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Global Energy Review 2025 Natural gas
Natural gas demand returned to structural growth in 2024 Following the supply shock of 2022 and 2023, natural gas markets moved towards a gradual rebalancing and returned to structural growth in 2024. Global gas demand reached a new all-time high, with over three-quarters of growth coming from emerging market and developing economies. Preliminary data indicate that gas demand increased by 2.7%, or 115 billion cubic metres (bcm) (equivalent to around 4 EJ) in 2024. This was above the around 2% annual average growth rate from 2010 to 2019 and well above the rate of around 1% between…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Targeted consumer support to enhance energy affordability
Many governments around the world are reacting quickly to protect consumers from increasing fuel prices. In the days following the conflict in the Middle East, the IEA has tracked announcements from around 40 countries that are deploying or considering deploying emergency measures to shelter consumers from price increases. Immediate government responses have been to implement price caps, fuel subsidies and shifts in taxation, along with price stabilisation mechanisms that can quickly set limits on consumer price increases. Previous crises, including the Covid-19 pandemic and the 2022 energy crisis, demonstrated that impacts often fall disproportionately on the poorer segments of…
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Tanzania
Electricity access in Tanzania increased from around 13% in 2008 to 32% in 2017. The government is supporting the private sector to develop its electricity market, enhancing the role of renewable energy in the energy mix and increasing rural electricity access.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe holds large coal reserves and production is set to increase. The country has also significantly untapped its hydropower potential, even though the share of hydropower generation is gradually decreasing.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Policy response to the crisis
As markets reeled from the drastic reduction in Russian pipeline gas supply to Europe and as global trade and demand patterns shifted, governments did not remain idle. Faced with the spectre of supply shortages, worsening current accounts, and inflation pressure linked to energy imports and rising energy prices for citizens and businesses alike, governments across the main LNG-importing regions rapidly implemented policy and market measures in response to the crisis. Europe The European Union and its member states adopted a number of measures to enhance security of supply and market resilience ahead of the 2022/23 heating season. However…
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Gaining an Edge Energy demand and competitiveness
Energy is at the centre of competitiveness amid high costs, growing demand, and rising trade pressures Energy is a vital input into all productive sectors of the economy. In an environment of fierce global competition and shifting trade patterns, energy costs are a major determinant of long-term investment, jobs and business competitiveness. Finding ways to reduce energy costs while producing more or better products is good for both profitability and overall economic growth. While energy prices are volatile in many countries, recent high prices combined with instability and fragmentation in energy markets have widened energy price gaps between regions…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Electric vehicle charging
Light-duty electric vehicle charger deployment Most electric car owners charge at home Globally, the number of private light-duty vehicle (LDV) charging points is estimated to have reached more than 43 million in 2025, supporting an electric LDV stock of around 76 million. About one-third of the private charging points worldwide are in the People’s Republic of China (hereafter, “China”), one-third in Europe, and one in six in the United States.Home charging – whether in a driveway, garage or other dedicated parking space – is currently the preferred way to charge an electric car for those with the ability to…
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Financing the ASEAN Power Grid Executive summary
Southeast Asia’s electricity sector is on the cusp of major changes that underscore the case for regional integration Rapidly growing electricity demand alongside accelerating momentum behind renewables deployment will require major investment in grids across Southeast Asia. Electricity consumption in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region has increased ninefold since 1990 and is projected to continue to grow at annual rate of 3 to 4% through to 2040, considerably faster than the global average. ASEAN member states have committed to a massive expansion of new generation capacity to meet this demand. By 2040, total generation capacity is…
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Electricity 2026 Prices
…time, negative wholesale electricity prices became more common across many markets. Exceptions include the Nordic region in Europe and California in the United States, which recorded year-on-year declines in the numbers of negatively priced hours in 2025. These reductions were driven by more price‑responsive supply and demand, alongside the growing deployment of battery storage, which helped absorb excess generation and smooth short‑term imbalances.Affordability remains a concern, as household electricity prices in many countries have risen faster than incomes and inflation since 2019. While energy‑related price components have fallen from crisis highs, they remain above 2019 levels, and…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Demand: Global electricity use to grow strongly in 2025 and 2026
Global electricity demand is forecast to increase by an average annual 3.3% in 2025 and by 3.7% in 2026, a moderation from 4.4% in 2024 but still some of the highest growth rates observed over the last decade. This is a slight downward revision from our previous forecast in February 2025 of 4% growth for this year and 3.8% in 2026. The change is partly due to the IMF's downgrade of the global GDP growth outlook compared with its January 2025 update amid elevated uncertainty surrounding trade tariffs and economic prospects. Despite these downside risks…
