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What Next for the Global Car Industry Policy and strategic actions
…Brazil, South Africa, Türkiye); seizing new opportunities (e.g. Egypt, Viet Nam, Chile, Nigeria).Several of the archetype countries have the opportunity to build on extensive existing capabilities in internal combustion engine (ICE) car assembly and supply chains. Existing industrial clusters and know-how represent a competitive advantage, as well as a source of revenue from ICE vehicle sales as electric car markets ramp up. However, there will also be new opportunities for countries with fast-growing car markets, low energy costs and access to critical minerals. In all cases, it will not be possible in the medium term to stay…
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Regulating the sector
…to which Moldova prioritises heat pumps in building retrofits. Appliance standards and restrictions Standards for space heating appliances define the types of equipment that can be sold, setting minimum performance and environmental criteria. These standards have been in place in many European countries since the 1990s. By limiting inefficient systems, they play a crucial role in advancing Europe’s energy transition.Several countries have gone further by introducing stringent requirements for heating systems. Since 2022, new buildings in France can no longer be fitted with oil or gas heating systems, while Germany mandates that at least 65% of energy used...
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Scaling Up Transition Finance Financial institutions and transition finance
A complementary source of finance for transitions Transition finance rests on a practical partnership between corporates and financiers. Successful transitions need finance that goes where the emissions are; this means moving beyond the top performers and working with corporates with material environmental footprints that commit to transition strategies. A common alternative strategy, in which financial institutions simply shift emissions off their balance sheets, creates “financial carbon leakage” and does not reduce real-economy emissions.An IEA survey of financial institutions revealed that differences in regional taxonomies and frameworks pose challenges for cross-border financing. At the same time, it highlighted…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Regional insights
Diverse priorities, diverse pathways This chapter explores energy sector trends and priorities in countries and regions that cumulatively account for around 90% of the world’s population, GDP and energy demand. Priorities, objectives and national circumstances vary widely between and within regions, but two trends that are visible in most parts of the world are a rise in the electrification of end-uses, and a rise in the share of renewables in electricity generation. Energy trends in advanced economies are shaped by the structure of their economies, and by high average incomes and rates of vehicle and appliance ownership. Overall…
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Sustainable Transport for Georgia: A Roadmap Sustainable transport roadmap
Georgia faces major challenges in reducing transport emissions, but the transition to low-emissions, efficient systems offers significant environmental, social and industrial benefits. Heavy reliance on imported fossil fuels creates fuel price volatility, slows growth and raises geopolitical risks. Transport electrification and efficiency can substantially enhance energy security and resilience.This roadmap describes how Georgia can seize strategic opportunities from transport sector transformation. Doing so can bring health, mobility and job benefits while aligning Georgia with Paris Agreement commitments. Policy makers are working with corporate partners and supporting priorities set out in earlier plans, as shown by already completed or…
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Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa Executive summary
…countries that have accelerated their clean cooking efforts since 2024. Based on the latest tracking, more than 70% of Africans without access live in countries that have strengthened their clean cooking policy frameworks since 2024, with 40 new policies now in place. Ten of the twelve African countries represented at the Summit announced or implemented new policies highlighted in their pledges, with the United Republic of Tanzania and Kenya delivering the greatest improvement in coverage. Progress is set to build on existing success stories throughout Africa. Over the past five years, key countries in sub-Saharan Africa accelerated their efforts…
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Electricity Market Design Executive summary
Electricity systems are changing fast, and market design must evolve with them Electricity systems are undergoing rapid structural change, increasing the need for market frameworks that keep pace with evolving operational and investment requirements and possibilities. Electricity is central to modern economies, and its role is expanding as consumption patterns shift, digitalisation accelerates, energy systems decentralise, and variable resources grow. Across major regions, these trends are increasing the complexity of real-time operations and reshaping investment dynamics. Short-term and seasonal flexibility needs are projected to grow faster than demand over the next decade, while electrification in many sectors is…
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Energy Efficiency 2025 Transport
…ones, together with promoting more efficient modes of transport (such as public transport and cycling), can accelerate efficiency progress in road transport.In emerging economies, there is a slightly larger role for two-wheelers (scooters and motorcycles), which account for around 5% of road transport demand and are more numerous than cars in many countries. There is also stronger growth in new vehicles, as private passenger vehicle ownership is lower on average, providing an opportunity for policies to promote efficient and electric vehicles as sales grow. Finally, the share of heavy-duty trucks is higher than in advanced economies. What…
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Renewables 2022 Transport biofuels
Forecast summary Biofuel use expands in 2022 despite rising costs Global biofuel demand is expected to be 6% or 9 100 million litres per year (MLPY) higher in 2022 than in 2021. Renewable diesel makes up the largest share of this year-on-year expansion, thanks to attractive policies in the United States and Europe. Blending requirements and financial incentives support demand growth in India and Brazil, and Indonesia’s 30% biodiesel blending requirement also boosts biodiesel use in that country. Nevertheless, we have revised year-on-year growth downwards 25% from our 2021 forecast, with price and market developments…
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Scaling Up Transition Finance Sectoral insights
Where can transition finance be applied? This chapter provides an analysis of investments that can be supported by transition finance in three important areas – heavy industry, critical minerals and natural gas – building on the preceding assessment of investments and providing illustrative cases and non-exhaustive key performance indicator (KPI) examples to underpin transition strategies.As with the investment amounts highlighted in Chapter 1 that can be supported by transition finance, inclusion here does not automatically render an activity eligible for transition finance, since such eligibility depends on meeting the relevant process requirements. Equally, the absence of an activity from this…