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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Trade and infrastructure
…or have committed investments, compared with around 16% across the overall project pipeline.First shipments of low-emissions hydrogen are taking place, enabling trials of logistics and certification approaches. Long-term bilateral contracts dominate, particularly for ammonia and ammonia-derived fertilisers, while hot briquetted iron (HBI) is gaining prominence.Announced hydrogen pipeline projects, including new and repurposed natural gas pipelines, exceed 40 000 km by 2035, but only 9% of this length is operational or has a committed investment. Since GHR-25, operational and committed hydrogen pipeline length has increased by 70%. Activity remains concentrated in Europe and China, which saw major…
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State of Energy Policy 2026 Energy efficiency and fuel switching regulations
…increased stringency. The most significant decreases in efficiency stringency were in the United States, where the One Big Beautiful Bill Act removed corporate average fuel economy civil penalties, and the Department of Energy repealed earlier energy conservation standards for selected appliances. These changes are expected to have large impacts on MEPS compliance out to 2030. Other notable delays or decreases in stringency included revisions to the United Kingdom’s plans to phase out new gas boiler installations, Canada pausing its 2026 zero emissions vehicle mandate to give the automotive industry additional time to prepare, and the Eurasian Economic Union (comprising Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, the…
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit The Energy Efficiency Policy Package
The Energy Efficiency Policy Package
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The State of Energy Innovation 2026 Executive summary
…and domestic energy resources. The value of public spending on energy innovation can be seen in market outcomes Public energy innovation support is behind some recent, major steps forward in the energy sector, and pays off for decades into the future. Lower project costs and new designs have brought investment to floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG), which is expected to deliver more than one-eighth of global LNG capacity by 2030, from zero just 10 years ago. Initial FLNG design and testing was funded by European governments in the late 1990s, and the European Union and Japanese government shared funding risks…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Demand
…European regulations as a driver for short-term adoption of hydrogen-based fuels, but in most cases, they are insufficient to enable fuel switching.In aviation, Europe’s mandates remain the only policy driver for adoption, with limited impact on ticket prices expected this decade. However, investment in new production capacity is lagging as firm offtake agreements remain scarce.In the power sector, progress remains slow and concentrated in Japan and Korea. In Japan, policy support has helped projects to reach investment decisions, whereas changing policy priorities in Korea have led to a more cautious outlook than in previous years.
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Setting the scene
Regional imbalances in energy investment Global energy investment has steadily risen over the past decade and reached over USD 3.3 trillion for the first time in 2025. Clean energy investment trends are especially notable – with investments in a range of clean energy technologies and infrastructure, taken together, accounting for nearly two-thirds of global investments today. However, these headline numbers often mask a persistent trend: a gaping regional imbalance in global energy investment. After removing the share of investment going towards advanced economies and People’s Republic of China (hereafter, “China”), emerging market and developing economies (EMDE) other than…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Demand
…products that use hydrogen as a feedstock, rather than being the result of successful implementation of energy and climate policies.Demand is still almost exclusively from established sectors (refining, ammonia, methanol and fossil-based direct reduced iron [DRI]), with demand for new applications (biofuels upgrading, new industrial uses, mobility, power or synthetic fuels) growing but from a very low base – less than 1% of demand.Low-emissions hydrogen use increased by nearly 10% in 2024 but remains at less than 1% of total demand due to cost challenges and insufficient policy support. Policy initiatives in the European Union, Japan and Korea…
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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Overcoming barriers to abatement
…in their activities, as well as collaborating with companies to set targets and ensure accountability. Public and philanthropic actors can serve as catalysts by supporting project identification, building capacity and unlocking additional private finance. New initiatives are emerging to facilitate the implementation of methane emissions pledges While the need to tackle methane emissions is generally well-understood, actors often lack the technical expertise or resources to implement reduction strategies. This includes governments that want to introduce or refine regulations targeting methane emissions and strengthen implementation efforts but do not yet have the capacity to do so. Similarly, companies may lack…
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World Energy Investment 2025 United States
…declined from 60% to just under 40%. Meanwhile, investment in clean energy has grown rapidly supported by policy and more competitive prices. These factors have spurred new manufacturing investments reaching USD 60 billion in 2024 and were further bolstered by initiatives that aimed to enhance domestic competitiveness and attract foreign direct investment. The United States is now home to 8% of global lithium-ion battery production and in 2024 solar PV module manufacturing capacity nearly tripled to 42 GW.With a boom in Artificial Intelligence (AI), and subsequent investment in data centres (DC), companies are racing to secure sources of clean…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in the electric car industry
Manufacturing and trade Steady growth in global electric car production masks differences at the regional level A total 17.3 million electric cars were produced worldwide in 2024, about one-quarter more than in 2023, largely as a result of increased production in China, which reached 12.4 million electric cars. China remains the world’s electric car manufacturing hub, accounting for more than 70% of global production in 2024. Production in China has been increasingly shaped by the expansion of domestic manufacturers. In 2024, Chinese OEMs accounted for more than 80% of domestic production, up from roughly two-thirds in 2021…
