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Kristine Petrosyan
Former Senior Oil Market Analyst.
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Cost of Capital Observatory Dashboard
Overview The dashboard is a free resource that provides data on the cost of capital focused on clean energy projects in emerging and developing economies. It also provides information of the main underlying risks perceived by investors and financiers in each country as well as case studies. We hope these resources will help drive policy changes that can lower financing costs in the parts of the world that most need it. For additional information on how to estimate the cost of capital, this IEA article highlights the importance of financing costs in the energy transition, defines what financing costs are (also commonly…
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Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa Clean cooking: State of play and recent progress
Nearing a turning point? A lack of clean cooking continues to have profound impacts on public health, women’s equality, economic development, and the environment. Globally, a lack of clean cooking contributes to around 3 million premature deaths each year, with women and children facing the greatest exposure, and accounts for annual emissions equivalent to 1.2 Gt CO2-eq, roughly equivalent to the global CO2 emissions from international aviation and shipping. The challenge is most severe in sub-Saharan Africa, where four out of five households lack clean cooking access today. To spur global action on the issue, the…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Outlook for electric mobility
Overview In this part of the report, we focus on the outlook for electric mobility in road transport over the period to 2030. A scenario-based approach is used to explore the prospects for electric mobility, based on recent market trends, policy drivers and technology developments. The purpose of scenario projections is to assess a plausible future for global electric vehicle (EV) markets and the potential implications. The scenario projections are not intended as predictions about the future. Rather, they aim to provide insights to inform decision-making by governments, companies and other stakeholders about the future of EVs. In…
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Orla McAlinden
Former World Energy Outlook Analyst.
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Net Zero Emissions by 2050
Acting now to limit overshoot The Paris Agreement set the global goal of limiting warming to well below 2 °C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5 °C. The IEA Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE Scenario) translates the 1.5 °C goal into a global pathway for the energy sector. The updated NZE Scenario presented here takes account of the most recent data and trends. Each country will tailor its own path to net zero emissions. The updated NZE Scenario is based on four central pillars that are widely applicable: clean energy electrification, energy efficiency, low-emissions fuels and methane abatement. The…
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Renewables 2025 Renewable electricity
Renewable electricity additions for 2025-2030 total 4 600 GW – equal to the combined installed power capacity of China, the European Union and Japan Globally, renewable power capacity is projected to increase almost 4 600 GW between 2025 and 2030 – double the deployment of the previous five years (2019-2024). Growth in utility-scale and distributed solar PV more than doubles, representing nearly 80% of worldwide renewable electricity capacity expansion. Low module costs, relatively efficient permitting processes and broad social acceptance drive the acceleration in solar PV adoption.Distributed solar PV applications (residential, commercial, industrial and off-grid projects) account for 42…
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Pledges to Progress 2025 Pledges to Progress Company Assessment
The assessment shown below sets out actions reported by 116 oil and gas companies to achieve the goals set out in the Oil and Gas Decarbonisation Charter, agreed at COP28. It is a baseline assessment, in that the evaluations for each metric are based on public company reporting published in 2024, which often rely on data and progress from 2023, i.e. before the OGDC was launched.This is not an assessment of environmental performance. It tracks 25 specific aspects of target-setting, implementation strategies and disclosure, based on a framework put together by the International Energy Agency (IEA), the…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Policy
A total of USD 41 billion in public funding has been identified in policy updates made since the Global Hydrogen Review 2025 (GHR-25). Nearly two-thirds of this funding is linked to legislation in force and almost 25% has already been disbursed to projects, triggering final investment decisions (FID). As in GHR-25, most of the funding comes from advanced economies and for every dollar going to demand, about 1.5 dollars go to supply.The number of national hydrogen strategies has stabilised at 66 globally, and recent updates have focused either on implementing strategy actions (Brazil, Mauritania, Romania) or revising targets…
