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Fuel report
Oct 2025
Renewables 2025 Renewable transport
Renewable energy in transport is set to expand 50% to 2030 With greater use of renewable electricity, liquid biofuels, biogases and renewable hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels, renewable energy consumption in transport is expected to rise 50% by 2030. The largest share of this growth (45%) will come from renewable electricity used for electric vehicles, especially in China and Europe.Road biofuels contribute the second-largest share (35%), with significant growth in Brazil, Indonesia, India and Malaysia, supported by tightening mandates and rising fuel demand. Aviation and maritime fuel use makes up 10% of growth, primarily owing to mandates in…
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Contributor
Dave Turk
Former USA Deputy Secretary of Energy. Dave Turk joined the IEA in September 2016 and is currently the Acting Deputy Executive Director and Head of the Strategic Initiatives Office. He formerly served as Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Climate and Technology at the U.S. Department of Energy, where he coordinated the Department’s international clean energy efforts. He also previously served as Deputy Special Envoy for Climate Change at the U.S. Department of State, Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Congressional Affairs at the U.S. National Security Council, and in various capacities in the U.S. Congress.
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Fuel report
Jul 2025
Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Trade
Global coal trade reached an all-time high in 2024 Global coal trade reached a new all-time high in 2024, with total volumes estimated to be 1.55 Bt, surpassing the 1.5 Bt mark for the first time. Thermal coal trade rose by 28 Mt to reach 1 180 Mt. This growth was primarily driven by strong import demand in Asia, especially from China. The country experienced growth in imports, with coal imports reaching new highs. Imports increased by 14% up to 548 Mt, resulting in total annual imports surpassing 500 Mt for the first time. This volume is more than…
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Fuel report
Sep 2025
Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Demand
Highlights Global hydrogen demand reached almost 100 Mt in 2024 and is expected to surpass that milestone in 2025. This increase is being driven by demand for industrial products that use hydrogen as a feedstock, rather than being the result of successful implementation of energy and climate policies.Demand is still almost exclusively from established sectors (refining, ammonia, methanol and fossil-based direct reduced iron [DRI]), with demand for new applications (biofuels upgrading, new industrial uses, mobility, power or synthetic fuels) growing but from a very low base – less than 1% of demand.Low-emissions hydrogen use increased by nearly 10…
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Fuel report
Apr 2025
Gas Market Report, Q2-2025 Executive summary
Global gas demand growth is expected to slow in 2025 amid macroeconomic uncertainties Following the gas supply shock of 2022/23, natural gas demand returned to structural growth in 2024 and continued to expand through the 2024/25 heating season. Growth was primarily concentrated in Europe and North America, with weather conditions, including lower temperatures, leading to stronger gas use in buildings and the power sector. In contrast, gas demand growth slowed in Asia amid higher spot liquefied natural gas (LNG) prices and a milder winter in the People’s Republic of China (hereafter “China”). Tighter market fundamentals put upward…
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Fuel report
Sep 2025
Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Production prospects to 2030
Only a small fraction of the total project pipeline can realistically start operating by 2030, highlighting policy gaps The potential low-emissions hydrogen production from announced projects that could be available by 2030 has declined compared to in Global Hydrogen Review 2024. With only five years to 2030, and taking into account typical development cycles, which stretch from three to six years, realising the full pipeline of projects seems very difficult. In addition, we estimate that half of the announced projects face deferred start dates compared to the commercial operation date announced by developers. Delays are particularly acute among electrolyser projects…
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Report
Oct 2025
Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Road transport
State of the transition Emissions Road sector emissions were just over 6 Gt CO₂ in 2024, 8% higher than in 2015. Growth averaged only 0.2% annually from 2019 to 2024, down from 1.7% per year between 2015 and 2019.Over 60% of road emissions are from passenger cars or vans, followed by trucks (about one-third), and buses and 2/3 wheelers just 7%.Since 2015, emissions in emerging economies (excluding China) have risen sharply, at over 18%, compared to 2.5% in the rest of the world. Cost Closing the purchase price gap between electric and conventional…
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- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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Commentary
17 Feb 2026
Sodium-ion battery momentum grows, but challenges remain
batteries commentary sodium batteries Recent technological advances and investment announcements suggest dynamics are shifting for sodium-ion batteries Sodium-ion batteries are emerging as a new player in battery markets, offering opportunities to diversify battery chemistries and supply chains at a time of rising global demand for electric vehicles and energy storage. Developed in laboratories since the early 1980s, sodium-ion batteries operate on the same fundamental principles as lithium‑ion batteries – which currently dominate the market – yet their path to commercialisation has been markedly slower.While lithium-ion batteries entered commercial use in the 1990s – with the first electric vehicles…