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What Next for the Global Car Industry Timeline of corporate strategies
This infographic tracks the evolution of corporate strategies for electrification and electric car sales from some of the world’s biggest carmakers and pure-play electric car manufacturers.
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Financing Electricity Access in Africa State of play
Understanding electricity access financing As of 2024, around 600 million people in sub-Saharan Africa (47% of the population) did not have access to electricity. With electrification barely keeping up with population growth rates, progress remains far off the pace envisaged both by African governments and international organisations. Reaching universal access requires a cost-effective, multi-technology approach, with grid extension, mini-grids and stand-alone systems all playing a role to ensure affordable service provision to unelectrified communities. Notably, financing has been one of the primary impediments to growth.For the first time, the IEA has tracked electricity access financing commitments…
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Financing Clean Energy in Africa Executive summary
A dramatic increase in energy investment into African countries is essential Multiple recent crises have made it increasingly challenging for many African countries to raise financing to support their clean energy ambitions, despite the continent’s huge needs and rich and varied resources. Africa accounts for around 20% of the world’s population but attracts less than 2% of its spending on clean energy. In recent years, African countries have had to deal with a series of overlapping crises, including the Covid-19 pandemic, the energy and food crises following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and worsening climate risks. Borrowing…
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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Overview
…generation to shift from gas to coal. In the European Union, coal demand grew in the first half of 2025 driven by the electricity sector, as a result of low wind and hydro output and higher gas prices.Despite such trends in the first half of the year, our full-year forecast for global coal demand in 2025 is little changed from the one published in our annual Coal 2024 report in December 2024. The structural drivers underlying coal demand remain the same, both in the electricity and industrial sectors. On a global level, the main regional changes compared with…
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Coal 2025 Prices and costs
Prices Coal prices averaging lower in 2025 than in previous years After unprecedented prices in 2021 and 2022 amid the energy crisis, coal prices continued to be higher than the pre-Covid levels throughout 2023 and 2024. Prices for different coal qualities generally move in tandem, as partial substitution is possible. Thermal coal is mainly consumed in power generation and in this section is classified into low-CV (CV below 4 200 kcal/kg), mid-CV (CV between 4 200 kcal/kg and 5 700 kcal/kg) and high-CV (CV above 5 700 kcal/kg) categories. In some cases, direct substitution between grades is feasible, and blending…
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Financing Clean Energy in Africa Mobilising capital for a sustainable future
…of local industry, including in relation to off-grid electricity and clean cooking solutions.Although a small player now, over the long term domestic markets are fundamental to energy sector development. Under the SAS, finance originating from or disbursed through local channels increases nearly threefold by 2030. Developing green finance facilities provides a channel for finance while also supporting the creation of bankable projects and the development of capacity at other finance institutions. There are also innovative ways to tap into the growing domestic capital markets, particularly pension funds, such as local currency guarantees or securitisation of distributed energy assets.
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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Trade
…States and Russia increased exports by 11% each to 52 Mt and to 49 Mt respectively. In contrast, Canada experienced a decline in export volumes during the year. Global coal trade set to reverse course in 2025 Looking ahead to 2025, we expect global coal trade to decline, reversing the upward trend observed in 2024. This shift will be led by China, where a combination of sluggish coal demand, healthy domestic production and high stockpiles is expected to reduce coal import by around 76 Mt. In India, the continued expansion of domestic thermal coal production is expected to significantly outpace demand growth…
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Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap Sustainable transport in Armenia
…2024, gross domestic product (GDP) stood at USD 25.8 billion.Armenia became a member of the European Union’s Eastern Partnership in 2009 and has been an observer to the EU Energy Community since 2011. Armenia joined the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in January 2015 alongside Belarus, Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation (hereafter “Russia”) (Kyrgyzstan followed in August), and in March 2021, Armenia and the European Union signed a Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA), which established framework for political, economic and trade co-operation. Introduction to the Armenian energy and transport systems In 2023, Armenia’s total energy…
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Energy and AI AI and energy security
…to energy to meet an economy’s needs; second, the affordability of this energy with limited volatility in prices; and third, resilience against energy market shocks – or the ability of the energy system to quickly recover from them.A notable use case of AI towards the security of critical energy infrastructure is in places that are typically hard for humans to access. For example, the use of automated surveillance using unmanned maritime systems enabled by AI to secure critical undersea energy infrastructure. Similarly, AI-based predictive maintenance is revolutionising energy infrastructure management by ensuring reduced downtime and improved operational efficiency…
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Regional insights
…on Climate Change (IPCC). Meanwhile, work integrating satellite observations with Colombia’s national methane inventory has identified underreporting in the energy sector and offers a model for improving national inventories. The United Nations Environment Programme’s International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO) is currently conducting a study on the sources of methane emissions in Colombia and the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) is supporting efforts to strengthen monitoring, reporting and verification in that country’s mining sector.All of the region’s major energy producers have signed the Global Methane Pledge, except for Venezuela. Colombia is the only country with…
