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Chile 2050 Energy Transition Roadmap Executive summary
Chile’s natural resource endowment is key to its growth and to global security Chile has achieved a sustained economic growth and poverty reduction trajectory. Its economy has grown steadily at an annual average rate of 2.6% since 2010. Mining remains the backbone of the economy, with copper and related industries accounting for around 50% of export earnings and 12% of GDP. Diversification efforts have increased exports of agricultural products, wine, forestry goods and seafood, but mining continues to dominate Chile’s economic landscape. While this dependence exposes Chile to global commodity cycles, it also positions the country to…
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Scaling Up Transition Finance Sectoral insights
Where can transition finance be applied? This chapter provides an analysis of investments that can be supported by transition finance in three important areas – heavy industry, critical minerals and natural gas – building on the preceding assessment of investments and providing illustrative cases and non-exhaustive key performance indicator (KPI) examples to underpin transition strategies.As with the investment amounts highlighted in Chapter 1 that can be supported by transition finance, inclusion here does not automatically render an activity eligible for transition finance, since such eligibility depends on meeting the relevant process requirements. Equally, the absence of an activity from this…
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Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Introduction to biogas and biomethane
Biogas is a mixture of methane, CO2 and small quantities of other gases produced by anaerobic digestion of organic matter in an oxygen-free environment. Its precise composition depends on the type of feedstock and the production pathway. The methane content of biogas typically ranges from 45% to 75% by volume. Biogas is usually produced using the following technologies: Biodigesters: These are airtight systems (e.g. containers or tanks) in which organic material is broken down by naturally occurring micro-organisms. Contaminants and moisture are usually removed before use of the biogas. Landfill gas recovery systems: The decomposition of municipal…
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Financing the transition
…rate subsidy disperses a pre-defined lump sum, while a percentage-based subsidy reimburses a defined share of the total cost of the heat pump and its installation.The Boiler Upgrade Scheme in the United Kingdom is an example of the former. The programme offers GBP 7 500 to any homeowner who replaces their fossil fuel heating system with a heat pump. Germany has taken the latter approach, with a subsidy that covers up to 70% of the heat pump installation costs.Flat-rate subsidies also can be based on household income. This is the case in France, where a grant programme…
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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Understanding methane emissions
…present explosion risks. The latest Global Methane Budget estimates annual global methane emissions to be around 610 Mt, with human activity responsible for almost two‑thirds of the total and natural sources accounting for the rest. IEA analysis suggests that the energy sector was responsible for around 145 Mt of methane emissions in 2024 – more than 35% of the total amount attributable to human activity. Oil operations were responsible for around 45 Mt, natural gas operations for nearly 35 Mt, and abandoned wells for around 3 Mt. An additional 2 Mt of methane leaked from end-use equipment. Coal accounted for…
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Direct Air Capture
Country and regional highlights
The United States is leading the race on policy support for DAC
CO2 capture
DAC plants currently operate on a small scale, but with plans to grow
Energy
How can we capture CO2 directly from the atmosphere?
Innovation
A small but growing DAC technology portfolio is emerging
Supporting infrastructure
DAC deployment for carbon removal relies on the availability of low-carbon energy sources and CO2 storage
Policy
Government support for DAC is growing in major markets
Investment
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Energy outlook to 2050 based on today’s policy settings
…70%. This reinforces demand for electricity, coal and natural gas, while the young age of industrial assets limits near-term opportunities for fuel switching. In transport, electric vehicles and biofuels curb oil demand growth, avoiding around 1 mb/d of oil demand by 2035 together, reducing exposure to import price volatility and saving roughly USD 25 billion in oil imports, but road freight, aviation and petrochemical feedstocks keep oil use rising. Buildings are a major source of electricity demand growth, led by cooling. Air conditioner stocks are set to triple by 2035 as incomes rise, cities expand and temperatures increase. Stronger…
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Chemicals
Country and regional highlights
Important steps to deploy low-emissions chemicals production technologies are being taken in several regions
CO2 emissions
CO2 emissions must decouple from production by 2030 to get on track with the NZE Scenario
Energy
Energy consumption for feedstock will continue to rise with production, but process energy intensity declines rapidly in the NZE Scenario
Activity
Primary chemical production is set to keep growing in the NZE Scenario
Innovation
Supporting infrastructure
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Financing the ASEAN Power Grid Executive summary
…energy generation and demand – allowing countries to export surplus energy during periods of excess and import when local resources are insufficient to meet demand. Regional electricity trade can help deliver a reliable, affordable, and secure energy transition A well-designed APG can unlock cost savings and promote longer-term energy security objectives. Leveraging geographic complementarity promotes cost-effective development and utilisation of the region’s resources. Previous analysis has found that higher levels of connectivity can significantly reduce operational costs, curtailment of variable renewable energy output and total generation capacity needs compared to a scenario of weak power system integration…
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India’s electricity demand grows at night: Managing rising cooling demand
…Since 2019, the country’s electricity demand has increased by 5% per year. While electricity supply has kept pace, solar PV has accounted for two-thirds of power capacity additions in India since 2019. Against this backdrop, ensuring adequate power generation capacity during periods of peak demand is emerging as a key electricity security issue – particularly at night, when electricity demand for cooling has been growing and the country’s solar PV capacity cannot contribute. The dual challenge of meeting electricity demand as populations, incomes and temperatures rise, while also ensuring the stability and resilience of grids, has been highlighted…