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Financing Electricity Access in Africa Executive summary
…barely kept pace with population growth, leaving the continent far behind the targets set by African governments and the international community. Progress in reducing the absolute number of people without access has stalled in recent years, with the rate of improvement failing to fully recover to pre-pandemic levels. Fewer than 19 million people gained access in both 2023 and 2024, compared with 23 million in 2019.Even when connections are available, high costs often place electricity out of reach for low-income households. A cost-effective mix of grid expansion and decentralised solutions, such as mini-grids and stand…
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South Africa 2025 International collaborations - G20
IEA Contributions to the G20 Partnering with South Africa for a successful G20 The International Energy Agency (IEA) is delighted to be an official partner of the G20 South African Presidency, actively contributing to the Sherpa and Finance Tracks, as well as the Taskforce 1 on Inclusive Economic Growth, Industrialisation, Employment and Reduced Inequality. The IEA collaboration with South Africa is at the heart of the partnership set out in the two-year Joint Work Programme to guide bi...
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India 2023 International collaborations - G20
IEA Contributions to the G20 The IEA has contributed widely to India's G20 Presidency in 2023. The Agency’s core engagement is its support for the Energy Transitions Working Group. It is also contributing to the Development Working Group and Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group in the Sherpa Track, and to the Framework Working Group and Sustainable Finance Working Groups in the Finance Track.G20 Sherpa TrackBuilding upon and expanding its partnership with the Government of India, the I...
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Air transport fuels
Jet fuel demand accounts for around 7% of global oil demand. Jet fuel markets look to be particularly vulnerable to an extended loss of Middle East production and exports, given limited flexibility elsewhere to increase output. 8. Avoid air travel where alternative options exist Description: Travel for work accounts for a large share (between 20% and 40%) of aviation activity. In many cases, travel for work can be temporarily substituted by virtual meetings. A reduction of around 40% of flights taken for work purposes is feasible in the short term, while maintaining productivity.Impact: Very high voluntary participation to work…
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Structure
The IEA is an autonomous inter-governmental organisation within the OECD framework Governance The Governing Board is the decision-making body of the IEA. It has a Chair and three vice-Chairs, who, together, compose the Bureau. The administrative Secretariat is led by the Executive Director who is appointed by the Governing Board every four years. The Governing Board is composed of energy ministers or their senior representatives from each IEA Member country. The Governing Board at ...
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Electricity 2026 Reliability
Largescale outages amid system instability, equipment failures and weather impacts As the Age of Electricity evolves, with steadily rising electrification rates and electricity demand, blackouts can impact a vast part of economies and social life. Outages induced by operational failures, technical error, or climate-driven events illustrate the importance of redundancy, resilience, and thorough oversight. The following list of outage incidents in 2025 underscores how ensuring the security, reliability and resilience of power systems is evolving from a technical challenge to a strategic necessity that requires unwavering attention from system operators, regulators, and policy leaders. Voltage management increasingly important for…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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Sustainable Transport for Georgia: A Roadmap Transport in Georgia: Taking stock
…53%, while the population is steadily aging due to lower fertility rates and emigration. Younger Georgians are increasingly moving to cities, concentrating economic activity in urban areas.Economic gains have been broadly shared: average real incomes rose by nearly 50% from 2009 to 2019, and combined declared income plus social assistance for vulnerable groups increased by 86%. Real energy tariffs decreased – household electricity by 14.4% and natural gas by 20% – while access expanded. These improvements, together with a competitive business environment, a strategic location and strong institutional reforms, have positioned Georgia to capitalise on its economic, energy and transpo...
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Financing Clean Energy in Africa Clean energy investment landscape: setting the scene
…the growing energy needs of 20% of the global population. Under current financing norms, project developers often struggle to access adequate capital and capital providers to identify investable assets. Resolving this disconnect requires effort on both demand and supply, with African governments, donors, development finance institutions and private companies all playing a role. Increasing the availability of affordable capital can be a key lever to trigger a series of reinforcing positive outcomes, including driving the development of more bankable projects.The cost of capital is an important factor since many clean energy and end-use investments (including energy access projects…
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Coal 2025 Trade
…decline in 2025 International coal trade grew by 3% in 2024, reaching a new record of 1 544 Mt. This growth was driven by increases in both thermal coal (up 26 Mt to 1 176 Mt) and met coal (up 21 Mt to 368 Mt). Coal trade accounted for approximately 18% of global coal demand, with thermal coal making up more than three-quarters of total traded volumes. Seaborne trade continued to dominate, representing over 90% of global coal trade in 2024.The Asia Pacific region further strengthened its dominance, accounting for 85% of global coal imports in 2024. China led global imports in 2024 with 548 Mt…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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+ 2 pages
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Melanie Slade
Senior Programme Manager, Energy Efficiency in Emerging Economies Programme. Melanie Slade has spent thirty years in energy efficiency policy development and implementation in many parts of the world. She started out working in the UK Government on industrial and appliance energy efficiency and has worked with many other governments to establish similar programmes, perhaps most notably, the Government of China since the 1990s. In 2007 Mel became the Chair of Australia and New Zealand’s Equipment Energy Efficiency programme and where she led the phase-out of inefficient lighting. Mel moved to the International Energy Agency in February 2014 to manage the Energy Efficiency in Emerging Economies Programme. Mel and her team work with policy makers in Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, South Africa and Thailand to develop more effective energy efficiency policy, track i...
