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Cost of Capital Observatory Dashboard
…also widened the scope to include utility-scale batteries, offshore wind and hydroelectricity power, in addition to solar PV and gas power projects. In the latest survey update in 2025 we asked for WACC data of projects taking final investment decision (FID) from 2021 onwards. An analysis of the latest data can be found in this commentary. The cost of capital is expressed here in local currencies, nominal terms and after tax. In cases where respondents to the survey provided a range instead of a single value of the cost of capital, we included the minimum and the maximum value…
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Ecuador
In Ecuador, The Energy Efficiency National Plan 2016-2035 presents an inter-sectoral plan for energy efficiency, policies in transport, industry, residence, production, generation and all energy consumption sectors. In 2013, a new feed-in tariff scheme for renewable energy projects also entered into force.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Key Questions on Energy and AI
Key Questions on Energy and AI The Key Questions on Energy and AI datafile includes world and regional data for installed capacity, power usage effectiveness, load factor and electricity consumption.
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Malta
The National energy policy of Malta was launched in December 2012. It lists decisions and actions that have already been implemented as well as measures aiming to ensure the sustainability of Malta's energy sector.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case studies
China’s outbound energy engagement spans a wide range of technologies, financing structures and institutional actors. While aggregate trends reveal a system that is becoming more diversified, risk-sensitive and commercially oriented, the specific pathways through which Chinese capital supports energy transitions in EMDE become clearer when examined at the project level.The following case studies illustrate this diversity in practice, from large-scale renewable deployment and grid modernisation to industrial decarbonisation, equity participation in regional infrastructure platforms and upstream resource development. Together, they show how different parts of China’s official financing system interact with local conditions, how technical…
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Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions Key findings from workshops on challenges and opportunities for tracking progress on just and inclusive energy transitions
…Data improvements and digital opportunities Improving the availability of disaggregated data offers new ways to monitor key just transition dimensions.Clean energy programmes and policies can affect groups differently. Indicators tracking their just and inclusive dimensions, therefore, require disaggregated data that allow for intersectional analysis of key socio-economic factors such as gender, age, disability, household tenure, migration status or rural-urban divides. While the availability of disaggregated data remains a fundamental challenge for tracking just transitions across the world, improving it also represents a major opportunity for policymakers to target their interventions and mainstream inclusion in their energy programmes…
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World Energy Investment 2025 Middle East
The Middle East is rich in a wide range of energy resources, which it is looking to develop with a mix of foreign and domestic sources of investment The Middle East holds some of the lowest-cost oil and gas resources in the world, and in 2024 provided around 30% of global oil production and 17% of global natural gas production. Saudi Arabia’s upstream oil and gas investment is the highest in the region, and is set to reach about USD 40 billion in 2025, nearly 15% higher than in 2015. Overall, the Middle East is set to invest about USD 130 billion…
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Czechia 2025 Executive summary
…deployment of alternative sources of energy, managing workforce transitions and gaining public acceptance. There is no time to waste: decisions taken in the coming years will be pivotal to determining the success of the phase-out. This report provides timely advice on how Czechia can achieve its goals, including in two focus areas: replacing coal in power generation and decarbonising heating in buildings.Updating Czechia’s suite of energy strategies is a pressing priority, as is ensuring their collective coherence. Doing so will provide a clearer direction to stakeholders and boost investor confidence. The 2024 National Energy and Climate Plan …
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Brazil 2025 Executive summary
…the benefits of energy transitions are widespread for all citizens and can be leveraged to accelerate economic opportunities and reduce inequalities. As part of this effort, the jobs potential from the energy transition could be considerable, but it is not fully understood in terms of the number of jobs, sectors and skills requirements. A comprehensive jobs planning and workforce mapping exercise would help maximise opportunities, building off successful local programmes. Brazil should also look to identify opportunities to expand clean cooking access to all families, including exploring the inclusion of electricity into clean cooking options. A successful energy transition in…
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Coal 2025 Trade
…its exports to Asia in 2024. Combined, these three countries accounted for nearly 74% of global coal exports in 2024.After years of growth, global coal trade is expected to decline by 5% to 1 468 Mt in 2025, reversing the previous upward trend. Thermal coal trade is set to decrease by 6% to 1 111 Mt, while met coal trade is expected to contract by 3% to 357 Mt. This shift is primarily driven by China, where abundant stocks and sluggish demand have driven its imports down by around 58 Mt to 489 Mt. Similarly, in India domestic thermal coal production is flat while demand is weak…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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