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World Energy Employment 2024 Executive summary
Global energy employment outperformed broader labour market trends in 2023. The global energy sector added nearly 2.5 million jobs in 2023 on the back of rising investment, bringing total employment to over 67 million workers. Employment in energy – which in this report includes energy supply, the power sector, end-use efficiency and vehicle manufacturing – rose by 3.8%, outpacing the economy-wide average of 2.2%. Energy job growth was fuelled by record levels of investment across a wide range of energy sources in the wake of the global energy crisis. As a result, jobs grew rapidly in both…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Current Policies Scenario (CPS)
The 2025 edition of the World Energy Outlook (WEO) reintroduces the Current Policies Scenario (CPS). It was a regular feature of the International Energy Agency suite of scenarios until the WEO-2020, when it was discontinued amid turmoil in energy markets and rapid changes in the policy landscape during the Covid-19 pandemic. Now that the world has passed through the pandemic and the global energy crisis triggered at the outset of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, there is merit in revisiting the CPS. The scenario relies only on measures that are formally written into existing legislation and regulation, and…
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World Energy Investment 2025 European Union
…low-emissions technologies, average energy prices in Europe are higher than in other major economies. The EU energy market has also experienced notable disparities in spot prices among member states. As EU market prices rose in 2024, Spain experienced near-zero and even negative spot prices, resulting in the curtailment of renewable energy sources. These fluctuations are largely attributed to the rapid expansion of renewable energy without corresponding upgrades in storage and grid infrastructure. In April 2024 11% of variable renewable output was curtailed in Ireland due to insufficient capacity to transport or store electricity when demand was low. Volatilit...
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Regional insights
…widely between and within regions, but two trends that are visible in most parts of the world are a rise in the electrification of end-uses, and a rise in the share of renewables in electricity generation. Energy trends in advanced economies are shaped by the structure of their economies, and by high average incomes and rates of vehicle and appliance ownership. Overall energy demand typically has peaked, although electricity use continues to increase, with electric vehicles and data centres adding to demand. Energy demand per capita is generally lower in emerging market and developing economies. Many of these countries…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Understanding GEC Model scenarios
…or the achievement of various goals related to emissions. This means that these scenarios work toward a defined outcome and map out a way to achieve it. The Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS) - an additional scenario included for the first time in the WEO-2025 - represents a roadmap to achieve universal access to electricity by 2035 and clean cooking by 2040. The Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario shows a global pathway to reach net zero emissions from the energy sector by 2050 without offsets from other sectors, an emissions trajectory consistent with keeping the temperature rise…
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Kenya 2024 Executive summary
…and with strong institutions and ambitious targets, the country is well-positioned to reach its energy goals and continue its economic growth and development.As the largest economy in Eastern Africa and a regional leader in energy development, Kenya has made remarkable progress in increasing the rate of access to electricity among its population, putting the country on track to reach universal access to electricity by 2030. Kenya has set an ambitious target in its Vision 2030 of becoming a newly industrialising middle-income country with a high quality of life by 2030. A strong emphasis is put on infrastructure…
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The State of Energy Innovation 2026 Executive summary
Successful energy innovations can have outsize economic and social outcomes, impacting industrial competitiveness, trade, environmental health, infrastructure investment and security. The second edition of the State of Energy Innovation turns the spotlight on the technologies, policies and funders at the forefront of this process. Today, the global markets for energy technologies such as batteries, transformers, turbines, motors and heat exchangers are worth trillions of dollars. With spending on energy representing as much as 10% of global GDP, innovation that reduces energy supply costs can transform a country’s comparative advantage. As a result, the energy sector is innovation-intensive: one…
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Energy Technology Perspectives 2026 Executive summary
…clean energy technology market in 2035, accounting for around three-quarters of the total market value in all scenarios.There are many growth opportunities for low-emissions fuels, especially those that can be directly used in existing infrastructure. In several segments – notably cars – low-emissions fuels are not only competing with fossil fuels, but increasingly with the rising use of electricity. However, the medium-term growth prospects remain bright: their market value grows significantly in both the CPS and the STEPS, from around USD 215 billion in 2025 to about USD 390 billion in 2035, equivalent to about 20% of…
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Energy and AI Executive summary
The transformative potential of AI depends on energy There has been a step change in the capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI), driven by falling computation costs, a surge in data availability and technical breakthroughs. AI is the science of making machines capable of learning to perform tasks that traditionally required human intelligence. AI is emerging as a general-purpose technology, much like electricity. Today, it can generate text and videos, accelerate scientific discovery in fields like medicine or materials science, make manufacturing robots smarter and more productive, drive commercial taxis in complex city landscapes, and detect threats to critical infrastructure…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Global trends
…earlier (2.7%). Sharp growth in renewables in electricity generation in China helped to push down coal consumption, with the knock-on effect of improving primary energy intensity.The United States saw a notable acceleration in its energy demand growth, with demand increasing by more than 2% in 2025. This represents the second fastest increase since 2000, excluding years in which the US economy was rebounding from a recession. The United States accounted for nearly one-quarter of global energy demand growth. Part of this acceleration was due to gas-to-coal switching in electricity generation, but a harsh winter…
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