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World Energy Outlook 2025 Setting the scene
…defined outcomes. The Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario maps out an updated global pathway for the energy sector to achieve net zero CO2 emissions by 2050. An additional scenario, the Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS), is introduced in this WEO, setting out a data-driven roadmap to achieve universal access to electricity and clean cooking. Global energy demand and emissions continue to grow Global demand has grown by nearly 60% since 2000, with all the increase coming in emerging market and developing economies. All major energy sources grew over the period. Energy technology d...
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Croatia
Croatia's National Energy Strategy 2009-2020 has three basic objectives: increase security of energy supply, develop competitive energy system and ensure sustainable energy sector development. These objectives are particularly important for the country, as it is heavily dependent on energy imports, resulting in its vulnerability to energy prices fluctuations.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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World Energy Outlook 2022 The global energy crisis
…risks and trade-offs between various policy objectives. Key findings The recovery in global energy consumption that followed the pandemic-induced drop in 2020 ended prematurely with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in early 2022, plunging global energy markets into turmoil, stoking inflationary pressures and slowing economic growth. The strains on markets did not begin with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, but they have been sharply exacerbated by it. This has led to volatility and steep spikes in energy prices, particularly for natural gas in European markets, and the menace of further disruption to supply looms large. Amid this turmoil…
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The State of Energy Innovation 2026 Executive summary
…project costs and new designs have brought investment to floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG), which is expected to deliver more than one-eighth of global LNG capacity by 2030, from zero just 10 years ago. Initial FLNG design and testing was funded by European governments in the late 1990s, and the European Union and Japanese government shared funding risks with the private sector on the first major project. Similarly, lithium-ion battery research was initially publicly funded in the 1970s, and the first patent was funded by the UK Government in 1981, before policy support fostered markets that drove further improvements…
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Energy Technology Perspectives 2026
The 2026 edition of Energy Technology Perspectives is published against the backdrop of a fast-changing policy and technology landscape. Governments are working to establish secure and resilient supply chains for clean energy technologies while advancing key energy policy goals such as energy security, affordability and economic competitiveness, as well as climate and other environmental goals. In a landscape that is constantly evolving, this report aims to deliver timely insights into the status and outlook of technology deployment, manufacturing, project pipelines, investments, and trade of different energy technologies and materials. The aim is to provide useful analysis that can inform…
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Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap Policy recommendations for the coming 2-3 years
…costs, which are the dominant driver for hydrogen production costs. Undertake the preparatory analyses that will form the basis for later deployment Such studies require relatively little investment when compared to large-scale projects, but they are essential to inform the work done in later years. They can support progress without requiring large commitments and provide a window onto market development. Preparatory studies can reduce uncertainties by including a material assessment of the gas transmission network, improving project cost estimates and providing visibility on the policy instruments that could be used to promote hydrogen deployment. Analysis could include, for example…
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Serbia
In Serbia, the National Renewable Energy Action Plan set targets of renewable energy sources use until 2020, as well as the pathway to achieve them. Among other things, it enhances investments towards the development of renewables.
Data for Serbia includes Montenegro until 2004.- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Global Energy and Climate Model Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS)
Even as global energy demand continues to rise, billions of people in around 100 countries remain without access to basic modern energy services. Today nearly 2 billion people lack access to clean cooking and 730 million people lack access to electricity. Millions of households, businesses and public institutions such as clinics and schools operate without reliable modern energy. This limits productivity and hinders socioeconomic development. It also perpetuates the use of traditional biomass, with damaging consequences for health and the environment.The Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS) charts a path to achieve universal access to clean cooking and electricity based…
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The Value of Demand Flexibility Executive summary
With global electricity demand rising and set to add around 1 000 TWh each year until 2035, new ways of managing the balance between supply and demand are needed. Demand flexibility – the ability to adjust the timing or amount of electricity use in response to system needs – is central to help achieve this balance. Advances in digitalisation, including the growing use of AI tools, are further enhancing the ability to deploy flexibility effectively.This policy brief, part of the 3DEN Initiative, presents a concise framework for understanding demand flexibility and its value across the energy system, highlighting that it can:Enhance power…
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Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa Clean cooking: State of play and recent progress
… Over the past five years, around 13 million people gained clean cooking access in sub‑Saharan Africa each year, 20% more than the average in the past decade, led by progress in West Africa and East Africa. On average around 12 million Africans per year gained access through liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), another 1 million gained access via other clean cooking solutions. In addition, 4 million gained transitional cooking solutions through Tier 3 improved biomass cookstoves each year over the same period.Clean cooking investment in Africa rose to its highest year on record in 2023, reaching USD 675 million – a growth…
