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Global Energy and Climate Model Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS)
The Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) has a long pedigree in the International Energy Agency (IEA) family of scenarios. It was introduced in 2019 with this name, but it has much in common with the previous New Policies Scenario that dates back to the 2010 edition of the World Energy Outlook (WEO). The intention of this scenario is to reflect the prevailing direction of travel for the energy system based on a detailed reading of the latest policy settings in countries around the world. It takes into account specific energy, climate and related industrial policies that have been adopted or put…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE)
…do the NZE scenario relate to the pursuit of a 1.5 °C outcome? The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Working Group III Sixth Assessment Report on Mitigation of Climate Change , released in April 2022, assessed a large number of scenarios that led to at least a 50% chance of limiting the temperature rise to 1.5 °C in 2100. As outlined in the World Energy Outlook 2025, in contrast with previous editions, the NZE Scenario is no longer a limited-overshoot scenario, as warming peaks at over 1.6 °C and remains above 1.5 °C for several decades before fall...
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Stated Policies Scenario
…EV) sales in the United States in this Outlook. In 2035, over 840 million EVs displace 10 mb/d of oil, mainly in Asia and Europe. Oil use for petrochemicals and aviation continues to increase to 2035 and 2050. Natural gas demand increases nearly 1% annually to 2035, supported by abundant supply and major liquefied natural gas (LNG) expansions in the United States and Qatar, then levels off. Coal demand peaks before 2030 as declines in China outweigh increases in India and Southeast Asia. From the 2030s, renewables in aggregate meet all additional global energy demand as they provide increasing amounts of…
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The Implications of Oil and Gas Field Decline Rates
…assessing the outlook for oil and gas supply and, by extension, for market balances.The International Energy Agency (IEA) has long examined this issue, and a detailed understanding of decline rates is at the heart of IEA modelling and analysis, underpinning the insights provided by the scenarios in the World Energy Outlook.This new report – based on analysis of the production records of around 15 000 oil and gas fields around the world – explores the implications of accelerating decline rates, growing reliance on unconventional resources, and evolving project development patterns for the global oil and gas supply landscape, for energy security…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 GPT
Consult our AI-powered agent to explore the IEA's flagship report Licence: In using this WEO GPT agent, you agree to the following: (a) the World Energy Outlook content, including textual content and data that feeds into WEO GPT, remains owned by the OECD/IEA, (b) whilst the IEA does not retain or claim any rights in your queries or prompts to this agent (Queries), the IEA is entitled to use them, and any feedback you provide to us, for any purpose, includi...
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Energy outlook to 2050 based on today’s policy settings
…energy meets over 40% of incremental demand growth to 2035, while fossil fuels still meet around 60%. In the Current Policies Scenario, slower policy implementation, financing constraints and power system integration challenges prolong reliance on conventional fuels and push emissions higher. End-use energy demand continues to rise, but electrification and efficiency moderate growth in the STEPS. Total final consumption grows rapidly to 2035, by an annual average of 2.5% to 2035 in the STEPS. Industry remains the largest end-use sector, supported by expanding manufacturing and energy-intensive production. To 2035, Southeast Asia is one of the world…
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Financing Clean Energy in Africa Executive summary
…point nearly two-thirds of spending would go to clean energy. Energy investment in Africa has been falling in recent years. Spending on fossil fuels – which has typically accounted for around two-thirds of investment – has declined and clean energy investment has remained flat. This report explores the continent’s investment needs under the Sustainable Africa Scenario (SAS) developed in the IEA’s Africa Energy Outlook 2022. The scenario considers the diverse needs of different African countries and sectors and lays out a pathway to achieve the energy-related Sustainable Development Goals, including universal access to modern energy by 2030…
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World Energy Investment 2025 Executive summary
…elevated geopolitical tensions and economic uncertainty, this tenth edition of the IEA’s World Energy Investment shows that capital flows to the energy sector are set to rise in 2025 to USD 3.3 trillion, a 2% rise in real terms on 2024. Around USD 2.2 trillion is going collectively to renewables, nuclear, grids, storage, low-emissions fuels, efficiency and electrification, twice as much as the USD 1.1 trillion going to oil, natural gas and coal. Open questions about the economic and trade outlook means that some investors are adopting a wait-and-see approach to new project approvals, but we have yet to…
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Executive summary
…to rise sharply in 2026. Looking further ahead, without structural change, the region’s energy import bill could rise sharply from over USD 80 billion in 2024 to around USD 245 billion by 2035, further increasing exposure to global price volatility. By contrast, if the region were to reach its announced climate pledges, the fossil fuel import bill in 2035 would be around half this level. The challenge is therefore not only to manage the near-term impacts of the crisis, but also to accelerate the structural changes needed to reduce exposure to future shocks. Immediate impacts have been felt…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Free Dataset
…alignment pathways, decarbonisation pathways and/or temperature scores at sector and/or company level in order to calculate and/or assess the climate compliance of investment portfolios and investment assets.Commercial usage: If you wish to use the Free Dataset for commercial purposes or use or distribute your derived material for commercial purposes, please contact compliance@iea.org.In addition to the Free Dataset, the IEA offers an Extended Dataset, which includes more detailed information at regional and country-level for CPS and STEPS (including detailed energy balance, electrical capacity, electricity generation, CO2 emission by region, economic and activity indicators…
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