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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2026
Strengthening international collaboration to accelerate delivery Breakthrough Agenda Report 2026 Since its launch at COP 26, the Breakthrough Agenda has served as a framework for strengthening international collaboration across major emitting sectors. Participating countries have endorsed shared “Breakthrough” goals to make clean technologies and sustainable practices more affordable, accessible and attractive than their alternatives by 2030 across the power, road transport, hydrogen, steel, cement and buildings sectors.The Breakthrough Agenda establishes an annual cycle to track progress towards these goals, identify where stronger or more co‑ordinated international action is needed, and support collective efforts to accelerate deployment. Central to this process…
- Executive summary
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
- Steel
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+ 3 pages
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Introduction and context
The conflict in the Middle East has created the largest supply disruption in the history of the global oil market. The volume of fuel supply offline now is higher than the supply loss during the oil shock of 1973 that led to the IEA’s creation and any disruption since then. Beyond the direct damage to energy infrastructure in the region, the crisis has led to a near halt in tanker movements through the Strait of Hormuz. Crude and oil product flows through the Strait have fallen from around 20 million barrels per day (mb/d) before the conflict to…
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Energy Technology Perspectives 2026 Deployment of clean energy technologies, materials and fuels
…Their aggregate market value has grown 20% on average per year since 2015 to reach nearly USD 1.2 trillion. Some 80% of global solar PV and wind generation now occurs at lower levelised costs than for coal or gas. Battery prices have dropped 75% since 2015, pushing electric car sales to around 25% share in 2025. Deployment increases in all IEA scenarios: in the Current Policies Scenario (CPS), their global market value nearly doubles to around USD 2 trillion in 2035, greater than the oil market in 2025. In the Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS), their market value approaches USD…
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Energy Security
…concentration for both crude oil and oil products, a highly uncertain geopolitical outlook, and a plethora of additional risks, such as the growing threat of cyberattacks and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events. One of the IEA’s key tools is an oil stockholding system that requires member countries to hold stocks equivalent to at least 90 days of their net oil imports. IEA members are also obliged to maintain demand restraint programs to rapidly reduce oil consumption during disruptions.The IEA’s oil emergency response mechanisms have proven to be a key stabilising force in global oil markets…
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Investment
…Our analysis is designed to enhance transparency around economic and financing trends, the cost of capital and profit dynamics. We also explore how capital markets and innovative financing instruments can drive greater investment in the energy sector – especially in emerging and developing economies, where data is often limited. Participants representing a diverse range of financial institutions are invited to attend an annual event hosted at the IEA headquarters in Paris, and regional summits – the latest held in Singapore – are also organised to encourage broad participation across geographies. Participants representing a diverse range of financial institutions are invited to attend an…
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Integrating Variable Renewable Energy in Kenya
…system amid rising shares of variable renewable energy (VRE). The report identifies Kenya’s system to be operating in Phase 3 of the IEA’s VRE integration framework, where variability increasingly influences system operations. It explores the key challenges that lie ahead and how three mutually reinforcing pillars - open access, flexibility and storage, and ancillary services - can support the development of a reliable, secure and sustainable electricity system. The analysis highlights that increasing generation capacity alone will not be sufficient to address existing and emerging system pressures. Adapting market, regulatory and operational frameworks will be equally important to deliver a…
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Monthly Oil Statistics
Monthly oil statistics for OECD countries This report includes the latest monthly data on oil production for all OECD member countries, and imports, exports, refinery outputs and net deliveries for major product categories for all OECD regions. The publication also includes total oil stock levels and stock changes for major product categories for all OECD member countries. Together with the latest month data are included the last two year and last quarter aggregates, the year-to-date figures for the current and previous year and the year-on-year and year-to-date percentage changes.
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Competitiveness
Multiple benefits of Energy Efficiency 2025 Energy efficiency provides multiple benefits. This page explores competitiveness. Why is energy efficiency important for competitiveness? Increasing energy efficiency can improve competitiveness at both the firm level – by reducing costs, improving operations and increasing product value – and at the country level, by reducing the amount of energy required to produce economic output. Key facts Today the world’s industries produce nearly 20% more value added with a given amount of energy, compared with two decades ago. In the industrial sector, energy management can lead to more than 10% in annual energy cost savings within…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Executive summary
…23rd consecutive year. Oil, natural gas and coal consumption, and nuclear output, all reached record highs as well. Driven mainly by China, since 2019 demand for coal has grown 50% faster than the next fastest growing fossil fuel, natural gas, a key reason why energy-related emissions have continued to grow.There is no single storyline about the future of energy, which is why the World Energy Outlook presents multiple scenarios, none of which is a forecast. The framework presented in this Outlook is based on the latest and most comprehensive data on policies, technologies and markets, together with rigorous…
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Global Energy Review 2025 Oil
Oil demand growth loses momentum Growth in global oil demand slowed markedly in 2024, with consumption rising by 0.8% (1.5 EJ or 830 kb/d) to 193 EJ after jumping by 1.9% in 2023. This reflected the end of the post-pandemic mobility rebound, slower industrial growth and the increasing impact of electric vehicles. This 0.8% increase in demand – below the pre-pandemic growth rate of over 1% in the decade to 2019 – was closely in line with the IEA’s first forecast for 2024 set out in June 2023, which noted that structural macroeconomic trends would…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
