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Czechia 2025
Energy Policy Review Government action plays a pivotal role in ensuring secure and sustainable energy transitions. Energy policy is critical not just for the energy sector but also for meeting environmental, economic and social goals. Governments need to respond to their country’s specific needs, adapt to regional contexts and help address global challenges. In this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Czechia and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive…
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Sustainable Transport for Georgia: A Roadmap
The International Energy Agency (IEA) developed this Sustainable Transport Policy for Georgia roadmap under the European Union-funded five-year EU4Energy programme, which supports evidence-based energy policy and data capabilities in Eastern Partnership countries, including Georgia.The roadmap supports sustainable transport planning at national and city levels, summarising legislation, planning documents, and research on passenger and freight transport. Key metrics include accessibility, safety, convenience, equity, energy efficiency, emissions reduction, congestion and service reliability. Policies and targets are proposed to help Georgia meet the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals and achieve its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) pledges.The government of…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Policies
…way to specific projects. Several programmes in the European Union, India, Japan and United Kingdom have progressed to the second phase or beyond, with new calls building on learning from the first phase.Almost 90% of the public funding comes from advanced economies; other policy instruments like land allocation, tax incentives and reduced administrative procedures remain more common among emerging markets. The supply side still receives more support, equal to USD 1.5 for every USD 1 targeting demand.Publication of new hydrogen strategies slowed down, with five new strategies since GHR-24. Some strategies were updated, such as in France, which reduced its…
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Policy and financing momentum sustain CCUS progress despite setbacks
…Meanwhile, storage capacity increased by around 25%. In terms of future prospects, the total potential capture capacity remained at similar levels of around 425 million tonnes (Mt) – although the timeline for deploying much of this planned capacity has been pushed back towards 2035 amid delays in permitting and construction, as well as broader market uncertainties.Insights from our forthcoming publication, Financing CCUS at Scale, show that more than USD 15 billion in commercial debt has been raised over the past two years – almost exclusively in markets where the government reduced risks across CO2 capture, transport and storage, providing enough certainty…
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 7. Palembang waste-to-energy plant
Project overview and impact Indonesia faces a dual challenge of rapidly growing waste volumes and persistent electricity supply constraints. The country generates around 65 million tonnes of waste annually, yet only about 20% is formally treated, and most cities rely heavily on landfills. In 2017, the government designated 12 priority cities for accelerated waste-to-energy (WTE) development, including Palembang, and introduced preferential feed-in tariffs and guaranteed waste-tipping fees to attract private investment. Despite this, only two WTE plants, Surabaya’s Benowo PLTSa and Surakarta’s Putri Cempo PLTSa, both on Java island, were operational before 2024, highlighting…
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Peru
Peru’s government identified the development of electricity from renewable energy sources as a public necessity of national interest. The country established a National Renewable Energy Development Plan to be funded by the Annual Budget Law, external debt operations, direct investments and contributions from international institutions.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Czechia 2025 Executive summary
…new dispatchable generation. Government interventions should be targeted and temporary, and low-carbon alternatives should be prioritised to avoid overreliance on natural gas, which would result in fossil fuel lock-in. To avoid this lock-in, Czechia is on course to further develop renewable and low-carbon gases, which can be potentially used in the same infrastructure as natural gas. In the first half of 2025, Czechia stopped importing oil from the Russian Federation for the first time, instead importing from alternative suppliers, including liquefied natural gas (LNG) markets. Supplies of nuclear fuel are also being diversified. Two-way cross‑border…
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Benin
Benin is reliant on electricity imports for a significant share of its energy supply. Reform programmes, including plans for electrification, have been put in place in the country, where only 30% of the population had access to electricity in 2017.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Panama
Panama's National Energy Plan 2015–2050 outlines long-term strategy for the country’s energy sector development, including renewables. The Plan established that 15% of Panama’s generation capacity will come from renewables by 2030 and 50% by 2050.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Poland
Poland’s energy system has seen progress on energy transition, despite its reliance on domestic hard coal and lignite. For example, Poland has one of the fastest growing solar PV markets in the European Union and has also seen a strong uptake of heat pumps. Poland is pushing to become a major player in offshore wind, aiming for at least 3.4 GW of capacity by 2030. However, stronger efforts are needed across all sectors to accelerate energy transition and Poland would benefit from greater electricity interconnections with the rest of Europe.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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