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Lithuania
…over the past decade. Despite importing a large share of its electricity, the country successfully ended its reliance on Russian energy imports in March 2022. Along with its neighbours, Estonia and Latvia, Lithuania disconnected from the Russian electricity system and completed the synchronisation of its grid with the Continental European Synchronous Area (CESA) in February 2025. By 2030, Lithuania aims to shift from being an electricity importer to becoming a net exporter. Although the country’s energy consumption still depends heavily on imported fossil fuels, the share of bioenergy in the domestic energy supply is growing, and Lithuania aspires to…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap Executive summary
…needs to accelerate. Car ownership and freight activity have risen along with incomes, but this comes at a cost: Nearly all of Georgia’s transport fuel is imported, exposing the country to price and security risks. Air quality ranks 62nd of 134 countries, with pollution causing about 130 premature deaths per 100 000 people – almost triple the global average. Road fatalities totalled 442 in 2022, more than twice the rate in the European Union, while 230 deaths each year can be linked to road-related air pollution.Public concern is mounting over the impact of a growing vehicle fleet. Civil society…
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Policy Toolbox for Industrial Decarbonisation
The Policy Toolbox for Industrial Decarbonisation is a repository of policy instruments available to assist governments as they design, develop and implement their strategies for industrial decarbonisation. This work, undertaken as part of the Climate Club's Work Programme, builds on the policy toolbox outlined in IEA’s 2022 Achieving Net Zero Heavy Industry Sectors in G7 Members report, with the addition of further details on the instruments and considerations for implementation.A robust industrial decarbonisation policy strategy is likely to include multiple different instruments, as governments choose the instruments that are most suited to their individual circumstances and objectives…
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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Emissions: Power generation CO2 emissions are plateauing
…The European Union follows China with substantial declines in emissions from power generation over the 2025-2026 period. US power sector emissions are expected to decline only slightly over the same period. By contrast, emissions in India and Southeast Asia will continue to rise as coal-fired generation grows at a significant pace.As the share of low-emissions sources increases, the carbon intensity of global electricity generation is forecast to decline at an average annual rate of 3.7%, falling from 445 g CO₂/kWh in 2024 to 415 g CO₂/kWh by 2026. The European Union is expected to lead this trend…
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Slovak Republic
The key objectives of the Slovak energy policy agenda are: increasing efficiency in the power and end‐use sectors, reducing energy intensity, reducing dependence on energy imports, expanding the use of nuclear power, increasing the share of renewables in the heat and electricity sectors, and supporting the use of alternative fuels for transport. With these sound objectives in place, the government should now focus on the cost‐effective implementation of concrete actions. Mining of coal for electricity production ended in 2023 and an additional nuclear unit was commissioned. The country remains dependent on energy imports from Russia, making energy security…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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State of Energy Policy 2026 Climate pledges
…long-term climate pledges: 38 of the 41 advanced economies with a net zero emissions target have NDCs implying annual energy emissions reductions equal to, or greater than, the pace required to meet their long-term goals. The European Union has put forward a 66‑73% reduction target by 2035 relative to 1990 levels, in line with its 90% reduction target for 2040 and its net zero goal by 2050. Japan’s latest NDC also sets a target of 73% emissions reduction by 2040 relative to 2013 levels, consistent with the annual reductions required to meet its net zero target for 2050…
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Road transport fuels
…to the 2026 crisis in the Middle East, several countries have announced measures to encourage working from home. For example, the Philippines and Pakistan have mandated 4-day workweeks for government workers, while Sri Lanka has closed public offices on Wednesdays, and Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam are all actively promoting remote work. Many European governments also encouraged working from home in response to the energy crisis in 2022-23, including through the joint IEA-EU Playing my Part Campaign. For example, France incentivised public officials working from home in 2022, and encouraged private companies to follow this ex...
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COP28 Tripling Renewable Capacity Pledge 2025: Update
…200 countries from June 2024 to December 2025 to identify how national renewable capacity ambitions have changed since the last report. This analysis benchmarks renewable ambitions in new NDC submissions against national plans. The report also assesses how they both align with the tripling global renewable capacity by 2030 pledge.Renewable Energy Progress Tracker now includes updated data on countries' ambitions from this report.This report was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union as part of its funding of the Clean Energy Transitions in Emerging Economies programme (CETEE-2) within the IEA’s Clean Energy Transitions Programme.
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Policy
…USD 1.1 billion, aiming to diversify hydrogen uses beyond cars and introducing targets for an end-use hydrogen price of USD 3.6/kg, striving for USD 2.2/kg and 100 000 FCEVs by 2030.Japan had selected six winners of its contracts for difference scheme as of late May 2026, adding up to nearly 130 kt of low-emissions hydrogen. Two of these support ammonia imports for the power sector. Germany agreed targets for its hydrogen-capable gas turbine fleet with the European Commission.On supply, renewable hydrogen has the most widespread support across countries. However, project cancellations, particularly in Europe, have reduced…
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Health
…doctor visits by 50% and lowered hospital admissions by 40%.In addition to physical health, energy efficiency can also lead to improvements to mental health, thermal comfort, and safety: Mental healthStudies show that thermal discomfort and fuel poverty have negative mental health impacts – such as anxiety, stress and depression – and that efficiency improvements can improve this. The impact on mental health may be enhanced if combined with financial support mechanisms and strong community engagement.Thermal comfortRetrofits that include installing insulation are shown to enable occupants to raise indoor air temperatures to comfortable levels. SafetyEfficient public lighting can enhance safety perceptions…
