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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for liquid fuels
The situation for oil markets today could hardly be more different from what it was in 2020. Two years ago, lockdowns imposed in response to the Covid-19 pandemic caused a huge oversupply of oil, leading prices to collapse to an average of USD 44/barrel. Today, global supply is struggling to keep pace with demand, with many producers bumping up against capacity constraints and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine sharply accentuating market tightness. Prices have soared to an average of USD 105/barrel so far in 2022.Global oil use is subject to sharply conflicting pressures. Some sectors, notably aviation, are…
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Scaling Up Transition Finance Financial institutions and transition finance
…enabling mechanisms that support credible action even without full planning capacity.The role of transition finance could be reaffirmed to enable progress where decarbonisation is most difficult and urgent, engaging with real-world constraints rather than avoiding them. This implies the possibility of moving away from viewing transition finance as a “second tier” of green finance and positioning it as an equal “second pillar” of global financing for emissions reductions. Public and private actors could design supportive frameworks to scale transition investments, including the safeguards that can ensure that they make a lasting contribution to strengthen energy security and deliv...
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An Energy Sector Roadmap to Net Zero Emissions in Colombia Executive summary
…needs at 40%; electricity feeds 40% of energy demand from buildings. Overall, electricity accounted for 18% of Colombia’s final consumption in 2024. Hydropower represented around two-thirds of the country’s electricity generation over the past decade, although the annual share fluctuated by as much as 10 percentage points as weather patterns caused by El Niño and La Niña cycles affect rainfall and temperature, impacting reservoir levels. Greenhouse gas emissions have grown; Colombia has pledged to achieve net zero emissions Economic and population growth have resulted in Colombia’s total energy demand almost doubling between 2000 and 2024. As three-quarters…
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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Policies
…are backed by detailed policies and regulations Methane pledges cover 80% of global fossil fuel production, with the largest initiative being the Global Methane Pledge (GMP). Countries that participate in the GMP commit to work together to collectively reduce global methane emissions from human activity (across all sources, not limited to energy) by at least 30% below 2020 levels by 2030. Cutting the world’s methane emissions by 30% over the next decade would have the same impact on global warming by mid-century as immediately shifting the global transport sector to net zero CO2 emissions.In 2024, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan…
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COP28 Tripling Renewable Capacity Pledge 2025: Update Key Findings
New Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) show limited reflection of the pledge to triple global renewable capacity by 2030 agreed at COP28 Between COP28 and the end of COP30, only about two-thirds of NDCs have been updated (128) and fewer than half of these (53) explicitly reference the global tripling goal. Even fewer (32) contain quantifiable renewable capacity ambitions for 2030. NDCs continue to under-represent current government ambitions for installed renewable capacity by 2030 The NDC 3.0 round does not fully capture countries’ 2030 renewable capacity ambitions in all submitted NDCs. Including 2030 ambitions from previous NDC cycles, total…
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Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Impact analysis of the two largest LNG import regions
Europe BackgroundNatural gas is a central element in Europe’s energy landscape, accounting for about one-quarter of primary energy supply and playing a role across virtually all demand sectors. In the run-up to the crisis, the European continent could count on a multitude of gas supply sources: domestic production, pipeline imports and LNG imports. This diversity of sources fostered gas-on-gas competition and a growing reliance on spot-traded supply, notably in LNG. From 2015 to 2021, the share of short-term and spot-traded LNG imports grew from 10% to about 40% – a share that kept…
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Coal 2025 Executive summary
…an increase in coal gasification plants, mainly in China.The most substantial growth in coal consumption between now and 2030 is expected to take place in India, where demand is forecast to rise by 3% per year on average, leading to a cumulative increase of over 200 million tonnes (Mt). Meanwhile, the fastest growth is expected to happen in Southeast Asia, where coal demand is forecast to grow by more than 4% per year to 2030.Against a complex energy backdrop, our forecast for the next five years is subject to some significant uncertainties that could impact it materially. For example, in the...
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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+ 2 pages
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Financing Electricity Access in Africa State of play
…low-cost debt, with a notable shift away from grants in recent years. New initiatives, including the World Bank and African Development Bank’s Mission 300, aim to increase the level of public capital for access projects, and are already showing momentum.Allocations to electricity access in African governments’ national budgets reached USD 1.9 billion in 2025 – around a third of total energy budget allocations. Much of this financing is channelled through government agencies and state-owned utilities. However, utilities across the region face financial pressures due to high operational costs, low tariffs and collection rates, hindering their ability…
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Demand and Supply Measures for the Steel and Cement Transition Executive summary
…contribute to the achievement of internationally-agreed government objectives for net zero emissions. Such scale-up requires the production and use of these materials to grow from essentially zero today to capture nearly the entire market within the next few decades, shifting away from high-emissions conventional production and demand. The steel and cement sectors account for 14% of global energy and process-related emissions on a direct basis, making them central to the decarbonisation challenge. First mover producers of near-zero emissions materials are beginning to position themselves to compete in such markets, including through the development of definitions…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Coal
…use in energy-intensive industry in China also declined as steel and cement output shrank by 4% and 7%, respectively. However, these declines were largely offset by an increase in demand for coal for the production of plastics and the chemical sector.In parallel, the commissioning of coal power plants in China accelerated significantly in 2025, reaching almost 80 gigawatts (GW). This was the result of an elevated number of approvals between 2022 and 2024 following power shortages in 2021. The construction of new plants is primarily intended to meet peak electricity demand and support China’s energy security goals…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
