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World Energy Outlook 2022 Key findings
…significantly broader and more complex than those that came before. The shocks in the 1970s were about oil, and the task facing policy makers was relatively clear (if not necessarily simple to implement): reduce dependence on oil, especially oil imports. By contrast, the energy crisis today has multiple dimensions: natural gas, but also oil, coal, electricity, food security and climate. Therefore, the solutions are similarly all encompassing. Ultimately what is required is not just to diversify away from a single energy commodity, but to change the nature of the energy system itself, and to do so while maintaining the affordable…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for energy demand
…energy prices, heightened energy security concerns and strengthened climate policies are putting an end to a decade of rapid progression for natural gas; its annual demand growth slows to 0.4% from now to 2030 in the Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS), down from 2.3% from 2010 to 2019. Coal sees a temporary surge in demand in some regions from the power and industry sectors in response to increases in natural gas prices, but efforts to reduce emissions soon put coal into decline again, ending the decade with demand 9% lower than today. Renewables, notably solar PV and wind, gain…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for gaseous fuels
…energy shortages in several parts of the developing world that rely on imported gas, notably Pakistan and Bangladesh. Major growth markets for gas such as India and China have meanwhile sharply reduced their LNG imports in 2022. Key findings The traditional arguments in favour of natural gas have focused on its role as a reliable partner for the clean energy transition and its ability to step in to fill the gap left by declining coal and oil. These are currently being tested by the global repercussions of Russia’s actions in Europe. In the midst of a global energy crisis…
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Colombia 2023 Executive summary
…supporting the shift to low-carbon energy with investment plans for clean energy technology.In 2023, Colombia’s energy transition policy is at another crucial turning point, as the government targets the gradual shift to net zero, shifting away from an extractive industry model heavily dependent on oil and coal exports towards a more diversified clean energy economy based on investments in renewable energy sources, critical minerals and hydrogen.Colombia enjoys a strong natural resource base. Renewables accounted for more than a third of total final energy consumption in 2020, thanks to the significant role of conventional hydropower and bioenergy…
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2024 Executive summary
…pollution linked to the use of polluting fuels for cooking. The region also faces risks from extreme weather, including a crippling heat wave in 2024 and heightened flood risks around rivers and coastal areas.Fossil fuels – led by coal – have met nearly 80% of Southeast Asia’s rising energy demand since 2010. Today, oil and coal each make up over a quarter of the region’s energy demand, with natural gas contributing around one-fifth. In 2023, coal generated half of the region’s electricity, accounting for 80% of power sector emissions, while also meeting 30% of industrial energy demand…
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World Energy Employment 2024 Executive summary
…such as the United States, the European Union and Japan in 2023. However, in many emerging and developing economies other than China, clean energy’s share of new jobs is below 2%. Employment in oil and gas increased in 2023, but coal jobs are in structural decline Overall fossil fuel employment grew by 3% in 2023, but firms took varied approaches in balancing near-term labour demand against the longer-term outlook. The oil and gas supply sector added nearly 600 000 jobs after a period of cautious post-pandemic rehiring, with new liquefied natural gas (LNG) infrastructure and upstream develo...
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World Energy Employment 2025 Executive summary
…segments retraining and shifting roles – such as heating technicians learning to install heat pumps or auto workers moving to EV assembly lines – but it also reflects the creation of new jobs in areas like manufacturing batteries and installing electric industrial equipment.Demand for workers is increasing across all parts of the energy system, not just electricity, as the world remains thirsty for energy. Coal supply jobs have seen a resurgence in India, China and Indonesia in recent years, leading to global employment levels 8% higher in 2024 than in 2019, despite a 20% decline in advanced economies over that period…
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 1. Uzbekistan 1-GW Solar PV Project
…EPC projects, the company has, over the past decade, shifted towards an integrated “EPC + own + operate” model, particularly for renewables. This strategic shift aligns with China’s dual-carbon goals, its pledge to stop building new coal plants overseas and the growing demand for invest-and-operate models in EMDE markets. In February 2023, CEEC signed a memorandum of understanding with the Uzbekistan Energy Ministry and committed to developing a total of 2-GW of solar power in Uzbekistan. As part of its commitment, a 1-GW solar photovoltaic (PV) complex project, consisting of two 500-MW solar farms, was…
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Chile 2050 Energy Transition Roadmap Executive summary
…molybdenum. These mineral resources, combined with world-class solar and wind, mean that Chile is well placed to play a key part in multiple supply chains.Chile has already made significant strides in its energy transition. The share of low-emissions sources in total energy demand increased from 24% in 2010 to 38% in 2024, due in large part to coal power plant retirements and rapid deployment of solar PV and wind, which now provide over 34% of electricity generation. However, the economy continues to rely heavily on fossil fuels; Chile spent USD 14 billion on fossil fuel imports in 2024. A…
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Electricity 2026 Emissions
…Eurasia and the Middle East. India saw a decline of 3.3% y-o-y as coal-fired generation contracted amid moderate demand growth and strong renewables expansion. China saw a slight decrease of around 1%. In the European Union, emissions from electricity generation fell by 2.2%. By contrast, US emissions increased by 4.3% due to higher coal-fired generation.Between 2026 and 2030, China’s CO₂ emissions from electricity generation are forecast to fall on average by 0.2% per year as low-emissions energy sources constrain coal-fired output, and despite continued robust electricity demand growth…
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