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COP28 Tripling Renewable Capacity Pledge 2025: Update Key Findings
New Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) show limited reflection of the pledge to triple global renewable capacity by 2030 agreed at COP28 Between COP28 and the end of COP30, only about two-thirds of NDCs have been updated (128) and fewer than half of these (53) explicitly reference the global tripling goal. Even fewer (32) contain quantifiable renewable capacity ambitions for 2030. NDCs continue to under-represent current government ambitions for installed renewable capacity by 2030 The NDC 3.0 round does not fully capture countries’ 2030 renewable capacity ambitions in all submitted NDCs. Including 2030 ambitions from previous NDC cycles, total…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Building
…Emissions intensity of steel and cement is largely the same as 2020, while global construction activity has slowed in recent years. Cost Investment in building energy efficiency has risen over the past decade, but growth is now stalling, while spending on electrification grows steadily.High-efficiency building envelopes often entail higher upfront costs, constraining uptake in markets without dedicated financial support mechanisms.Strengthening the business case requires better recognition of high efficiency buildings’ broader societal value, including enhanced resilience, health benefits, and long-term affordability. Deployment Energy intensity has decreased about 8% since 2015, driven by policy development globally.However…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Executive summary
…aggregate demand, mobilise finance and move markets in ways that are nearly impossible to achieve in isolation. Geopolitical tensions and economic uncertainty are testing the resilience of international co-operation, but also underscore its importance to avoid fragmentation of global markets and delaying action on emissions reductions. This report therefore identifies many practical opportunities for countries to work together in ways that advance economic development objectives as well as transitions.The Breakthrough Agenda acts as a framework to identify where collaborative action is most needed. Launched in 2021, the Breakthrough Agenda is supported by 61 countries and over 150 initiatives…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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+ 4 pages
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 3. Saudi Arabia’s first green full-process heavy plate mill project
…operations by the end of 2026. With an annual capacity of up to 1.5 million tonnes, the plant will supply domestic industries and export to the wider Gulf and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.A key feature of the project is its low-carbon production route. The plant will use a natural gas-based direct reduced iron (DRI) furnace and an electric arc furnace (EAF), targeting up to 60% lower CO₂ emissions compared with the traditional blast furnace route. The DRI unit is designed to be hydrogen-ready without major equipment changes, enabling emission reductions of up…
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Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa Outlook for clean cooking in Africa
…stoves. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) accounts for 61% of new clean cooking access by 2040, followed by electricity at 17%, modern biomass, bioethanol, and biogas together making up the remainder. Natural gas only plays a role in a few dense urban areas in gas-producing countries. The consumption of modern cooking fuels grows sixfold by 2040 in the ACCESS. This implies a fivefold increase in LPG and electricity consumption for cooking over today’s levels, and ten-fold for modern bioenergy, albeit from a low starting point. These increases are meaningful for African and international markets in the long-term…
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- Executive summary
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
- Steel
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+ 3 pages
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Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap Policy recommendations for the coming 2-3 years
…costs, which are the dominant driver for hydrogen production costs. Undertake the preparatory analyses that will form the basis for later deployment Such studies require relatively little investment when compared to large-scale projects, but they are essential to inform the work done in later years. They can support progress without requiring large commitments and provide a window onto market development. Preparatory studies can reduce uncertainties by including a material assessment of the gas transmission network, improving project cost estimates and providing visibility on the policy instruments that could be used to promote hydrogen deployment. Analysis could include, for example…
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Status and key indicators
…funds, state budgets and energy efficiency obligations.The Ministry of Environment has a broad ecological remit to ensure energy policies align with sustainability goals, promote efficient energy consumption and support renewables. Moldova’s regulatory authority in the energy sector is the National Agency for Energy Regulation (ANRE). It oversees market regulation and approves prices and tariffs for electricity, natural gas and district heating, as well as water and sewage.The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) is the country’s main statistical body. It defines statistical methodologies, conducts national surveys and collects and processes data for Moldova’s energy balance, which…
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Energy Efficiency 2024 How can energy efficiency alleviate rising heatwave-driven electricity demand?
Another year of high temperatures leads to new electricity demand records and power outages Global temperatures have reached new heights in recent years. 2023 was the warmest year on record, and 2024 is on track to beat it. The frequency and intensity of heatwaves are increasing, causing extreme temperatures of up to 50ºC in some regions, with multiple national temperature records broken during 2024. Ensuring that cooling needs are met is of primary importance. The extreme temperatures are driving strong demand for much-needed cooling technologies such as air conditioners. However, these are also pushing up electricity use to record…
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Rare Earth Elements Executive summary
Rare earth elements have rapidly moved to the forefront of the energy and economic policy agenda Rare earth elements play a crucial role in a wide range of strategic applications, from energy, transport and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to aerospace, medical and defence systems. The wide range of applications, combined with highly concentrated supply chains, has elevated their importance in both energy and broader economic security discussions. Though relatively plentiful in the Earth’s crust, this set of 17 elements have garnered the label “rare” because economically viable concentrations are uncommon and they are seldom found in pure form. Their chemical…
