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The State of Energy Innovation 2025 Executive summary
Today’s energy technology landscape is highly dynamic. Innovations span a wide range of countries and technology areas, both emerging and established. These advances have implications for energy system planning and, ultimately, for the world economy. Whether incremental or disruptive, they are the products of government support, market expectations, finance, knowledge-sharing and accessible R&D and test facilities. It is testament to the efforts of energy innovators around the world that decision makers today can choose from a range of technology options to address strategic goals for all parts of the energy system. However, technological progress to tackle existing…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 An updated roadmap to Net Zero Emissions by 2050
…CO2 emissions from the energy sector to 36.6 Gt in 2021. Recent investment in fossil fuel infrastructure not included in the 2021 Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario would result in 25 Gt of emissions if run to the end of its lifetime (around 5% of the remaining carbon budget for 1.5 °C). At the same time, 2021 also saw renewables-based electricity generation reach an all-time high, a record more than 500 terawatt-hours (TWh) above the level in 2020. Key findings In 2021, the IEA published its report Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector…
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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025 Demand: Global electricity use to grow strongly in 2025 and 2026
…strong demand increases from industries, air conditioning (AC) and data centres, as well as significant strides in electrification, are expected to support growth in electricity use through 2026. Electricity demand is set to rise more than twice as fast as total energy demand over the forecast period. Overall, global electricity consumption will reach a new high of over 29 000 terawatt-hours (TWh) in 2026.Following strong surges in electricity demand in 2024 driven by intense heatwaves and strong economic activity in the industrial and services sectors, the People’s Republic of China (hereafter, “China”) and India are expected to see…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Achieving access for all
A roadmap for universal energy access Today around 2 billion people lack access to clean cooking and some 730 million remain without electricity – deficits which have far-reaching implications for health, economic opportunity and global development. Since 2010, 1.5 billion people have gained access to clean cooking and 1 billion to electricity, demonstrating that rapid progress is possible. Our new Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS) outlines a country-by-country pathway to universal access that draws on lessons about what has worked best in recent years. Universal clean cooking access is achieved in the ACCESS around 2040. Over 60…
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Delivering Sustainable Fuels Executive summary
…carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS), switching to renewable energy for processing, or powering electrolysers with dedicated low-emissions electricity. By 2035, most existing and emerging fuel pathways could reach very low lifecycle greenhouse gas intensity (gCO2/MJ), and in some cases even deliver net carbon removal, provided that performance-based policies that drive continuous improvements are implemented.Liquid and gaseous renewable fuels already play a visible role in today’s global energy landscape. They are particularly relevant for transport, where they represent 4% of total energy demand. Liquid biofuels dominate current use, with emerging contributions from biogases and low…
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Global Energy Review 2026 CO2 emissions
…about 3.1% in 2025), indicating a continued decoupling between emissions and economic activity following the disruption observed earlier in the decade. For the first time since the 1990s, advanced economies saw higher emissions growth than emerging economies In 2025, global energy-related CO2 emissions rose more strongly in advanced economies than in emerging market and developing economies for the first time in nearly 30 years. Emissions in advanced economies increased by 0.5%, while in emerging market and developing economies, growth slowed to 0.3%.Emissions in China declined by around 0.5%, reflecting continued reductions in emissions from…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Electricity demand
Electricity demand grew more than twice as fast as overall energy demand Global electricity demand grew year-on-year by around 3% in 2025, easing from 4.4% in 2024, when intense heat waves boosted electricity consumption. Nevertheless, the 2025 growth rate remained above the 2.8% annual average observed between 2014 and 2024 and was also well over twice the rate of overall global energy demand growth in 2025 (1.3%). Demand growth was well above long-term average rates in advanced economies, but slowed in Asian economies In 2025, emerging market and developing economies accounted for 80% of…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Key findings
…contributed the largest share of global energy demand growth. Demand for oil, natural gas and coal all grew in 2025, but at a slower rate than in 2024. Low-emissions sources combined – solar, wind, nuclear, hydropower and other renewables – contributed nearly 60% of the growth in global demand.Demand growth in the United States rose to its second highest level since 2000, excluding post-recession rebound years, boosted by strong electricity demand from data centres, robust industrial growth and colder temperatures. The People’s Republic of China (hereafter, “China”) accounted for the largest overall share of global energy demand growth…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
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Renewables 2021 Renewable heat
…11% in 2020 to 13% in 2026, these investments fall short of containing non-renewable heat consumption. Fossil fuel consumption for heat is forecast to see a 5% increase in heat-related CO2 emissions over the outlook period, equivalent to 0.6 Gt CO2.For comparison, to align with the IEA Net Zero Emissions Scenario, renewable heat consumption would have to progress 2.5 times faster, combined with wide-scale behavioural change and much larger energy and material efficiency improvements in both buildings and industry. Keeping up with ambitions in the IEA NZE Scenario requires much faster policy action globally in...
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Energy Efficiency 2025 Transport
…How and where is energy used? Total final consumption in 2024 was over 450 EJ and has grown by around 25 EJ since 2019. Transport accounts for around 30% of global energy demand and have contributed around 10% of the growth in total demand since 2019. Road transport accounts for nearly 90% of total domestic energy demand. The remaining 10% is split between domestic aviation, domestic shipping and rail.In advanced economies, passenger cars dominate road transport demand, accounting for around 65% of the transport energy use. Trucks make up most of the remainder. Buses play a minor role in energy demand…
