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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Africa
Hydrogen use in Africa reached 3.1 Mt in 2024, about 3% of the global total. Hydrogen production accounted for about 6% of the region’s gas demand and 2% of regional CO2 emissions. Hydrogen use is concentrated in 6 countries (out of 54), with Egypt representing nearly half, followed by Algeria (20%), Nigeria (17%), South Africa (5%), Libya (5%) and Equatorial Guinea (3%). Ammonia production accounted for nearly three-quarters of hydrogen demand.Today, only 6 kt of low-emissions hydrogen are produced in Africa, exclusively from renewables. The hydrogen project pipeline to 2030 has 31 projects, which could allow increasing…
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Broader view on energy-related strategic minerals: What risks to anticipate?
…industrial gas turbines. Similarly, the chips and solar PV industries often rely on overlapping sets of specialised materials. This underscores how, taken together, the energy, technology and other strategic sectors are driving forces increasingly shaping critical mineral markets.In this section, we cover 20 energy-related, multisectoral minerals to understand potential risk areas that could have major economic implications. In addition to key energy minerals such as copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite, rare earths, manganese and silicon this includes other strategic minerals such as antimony, chromium, gallium, germanium, indium, molybdenum, tantalum, tellurium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium and zirconium. Strategic mineral markets…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Present and future prospects of electric car manufacturing
Highlights New market-entrants focusing on electric car production are expanding rapidly. Pure-play electric car makers, especially those from China and US-based Tesla, are capturing a growing share of sales; some 45% of global electric car sales in 2024 are from pure-play electric car makers, compared to 35% in 2019. The growth in electric car sales affects both car makers and automotive suppliers, especially those producing powertrains and related components. The automotive supplier market is worth about USD 1.3 trillion, equivalent to over 40% of the global car market. For all components except batteries, companies from…
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 6. CNOOC investment in Guyana: Whiptail Oil Field
Project overview and impact Guyana has become a dynamic upstream oil market, transforming from a non-producer to an emerging oil exporter within the decade. Since the first discovery of oil in the Stabroek Block in 2015, six large-scale developments have been approved, turning the area into a central pillar of the country’s economic strategy. Production is expected to exceed 1.3 million barrels per day by 2027, making Guyana one of the largest per-capita oil producers globally. The government’s production sharing contract allocates 14.5% of total crude output to the state, with the remainder…
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World Energy Investment 2025 Japan and Korea
…Policy initiatives such as Japan’s capacity market operations and Korea’s 20% reserve margin targets, along with public–private co‑operation, will play a critical role in meeting the growth in electricity demand.In the next decade, promoting renewable power will be crucial for securing energy supplies and increasing domestic energy supply to alleviate pressure on the trade balance. In recent years sustainable bonds for nuclear-related investment have emerged, and government involvement will be essential for large-scale investments.Furthermore, Japan and Korea will continue prioritising long-term liquified natural gas (LNG) contracts to mitigate short-term price volatility…
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World Energy Investment 2025 How we track investment in energy
…and gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects, investment reflects the capital spending incurred over time as production from a new source ramp up, or to maintain output from an existing asset.For energy efficiency, the measurement task is more complex and much of the expenditure is by consumers for whom purchases of more efficient goods are not investments per se. In WEI 2025, as in other recent IEA reports, investment in energy efficiency aims to reflect the incremental spending by companies, governments, or individuals to acquire a piece of equipment that is more efficient than the local market average…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Progress summary dashboard
Production Electrolysers Policies Investment
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Renewables 2021 Renewable electricity
…during 2021-2026 needs to be 80% faster than in our accelerated case, implying that governments need to not only address policy and implementation challenges, but also to increase their ambition. Growing policy momentum worldwide is driving our forecast upward Globally, we anticipate renewable capacity to expand by over 1 800 GW, or over 60%, in our main case forecast to 2026, accounting for almost 95% of the increase in total power capacity worldwide. Overall, People’s Republic of China (hereafter ‘China’) remains the leader, accounting for 43% of global growth, followed by Europe, the United States and India. These four markets…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Implications of CPS and STEPS
…of the oil and gas exported globally in 2035 in both scenarios, up from 45% today. The total fossil fuel import bill for these countries rises by 40% in the CPS over the next ten years, reaching USD 1.2 trillion by 2035. Although total energy investment is marginally lower in the CPS than in the STEPS, energy prices and overall energy bills are generally higher. Supplies of key critical minerals are catching up with demand growth to 2035 if anticipated projects come through on time, with the important exception of copper. But the high level of market concentration means that there…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Energy security in energy transitions
…lost the ability to pay for extended electricity services and 100 million for clean cooking solutions. In emerging market and developing economies, the poorest households consume nine-times less energy than the wealthiest but spend a far greater proportion of their income on energy. Turning these worsening energy poverty trends around is essential for secure, people-centred energy transitions.Collaborate to bring down the cost of capital in emerging market and developing economies. The cost of capital for a solar photovoltaics (PV) plant in 2021 in key emerging economies was between two- and three-times higher than in advanced economies and...
