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Electricity Market Design Executive summary
Electricity systems are changing fast, and market design must evolve with them Electricity systems are undergoing rapid structural change, increasing the need for market frameworks that keep pace with evolving operational and investment requirements and possibilities. Electricity is central to modern economies, and its role is expanding as consumption patterns shift, digitalisation accelerates, energy systems decentralise, and variable resources grow. Across major regions, these trends are increasing the complexity of real-time operations and reshaping investment dynamics. Short-term and seasonal flexibility needs are projected to grow faster than demand over the next decade, while electrification in many sectors is…
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Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency for Business Quality and reputation
Greater efficiency can reduce defects and improve production quality Energy efficiency improvements often involve tighter control and optimisation of production processes. By improving precision and stability in how equipment operates, firms can reduce variability in output and limit the occurrence of defects. These effects are particularly important in manufacturing sectors where small deviations can affect product quality and increase waste.For example, an industrial bakery in Switzerland implemented a highly efficient centralised cooling system with CO₂-refrigerant and advanced controls. The system allowed for a more constant controlled temperature and reduced downtime, improving product quality and consistency, all while reducing…
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Coal 2025 Investments in coal projects and emissions abatement
…Indonesia rather than more projects actually being developed. This report classifies projects as either more advanced or less advanced based on whether they have received the necessary approvals and permits in their respective countries. The capacity of less-advanced projects declined from 275 Mtpa to 210 Mtpa. Some projects failed to obtain environmental approvals due to legal challenges and public opposition. From the 2024 list, 15 projects have been cancelled or shelved in 2025.Several less-advanced projects have transitioned into more-advanced stages, as many were awaiting administrative approvals and environmental licences. This transition, combined with the addition of new advanced projects…
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Addressing methane in the marketplace
…Korea and China – such emissions (15 million tonnes in 2024) far exceed those from domestic oil and gas operations and infrastructure (5 million tonnes in 2024). Upstream methane emissions intensities associated with oil and gas imports differ across countries. According to International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates, average intensities are around 1% for the European Union and United Kingdom, 0.6% for Japan and Korea, and 1.3% for China. By reducing these intensities to 0.2% – a level that could be achieved worldwide using all currently available technologies – global methane emissions would fall by more than 12 million tonnes (Mt…
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Executive summary
Demand for key energy minerals continued to grow strongly in 2024. Lithium demand rose by nearly 30%, significantly exceeding the 10% annual growth rate seen in the 2010s. Demand for nickel, cobalt, graphite and rare earths increased by 6‑8% in 2024. This growth was largely driven by energy applications such as electric vehicles, battery storage, renewables and grid networks. In the case of copper, the rapid expansion of grid investments in China has been the single largest contributor to demand growth over the past two years. For battery metals such as lithium, nickel, cobalt and graphite, the energy sector accounted…
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Prospects for Natural Gas Certification Executive summary
…wider emissions reduction policies and pledges. Certified natural gas is natural gas whose environmental and social attributes –such as GHG emissions performance, water use, local community impacts and worker safety – have been independently verified against defined criteria or benchmarks. In 2024, around 320 billion cubic metres (bcm) of produced natural gas was certified – coming entirely from North America – equivalent to 7.5% of global natural gas production. Certification by itself does not reduce methane or carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from natural gas operations, nor does it eliminate emissions from its end-use combustion. However, by improving transparency on GHG emissions…
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Chile 2050 Energy Transition Roadmap Executive summary
…resources that are among the best available anywhere. Chile ranks among the top global producers of critical minerals with around one-fifth of lithium supply, almost one-quarter of copper, and is the second-largest producer of molybdenum. These mineral resources, combined with world-class solar and wind, mean that Chile is well placed to play a key part in multiple supply chains.Chile has already made significant strides in its energy transition. The share of low-emissions sources in total energy demand increased from 24% in 2010 to 38% in 2024, due in large part to coal power plant…
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Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa Executive summary
Clean cooking access is a defining challenge for Africa’s prosperity and social development The world has made immense progress in improving access to clean cooking facilities, but to date momentum has been slower in Africa. Today, 2 billion people worldwide – a quarter of the global population – still cook over open fires or on basic stoves, inhaling harmful smoke and spending hours in search of fuels such as firewood or animal waste. Since 2010, almost 1.5 billion people in Asia and Latin America gained access to modern cooking stoves and fuels, halving the number of people without clean cooking in…
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World Energy Investment 2026 How we track investment in energy
Tracking energy investment The way investment is measured across the energy spectrum varies, largely because of differences in the availability of data and the nature of expenditures. This document highlights the methodology used to ensure that the estimates are consistent and comparable across sectors in the World Energy Investment 2026 (WEI 2026) report and other publications from the International Energy Agency. The IEA measures investment as the ongoing capital spending on assets. For some sectors, such as power generation, this investment is spread out evenly from the year in which a new plant or upgrade of an existing one takes…
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Status and key indicators
…The National Agency for Research and Development (NARD) oversees research and innovation policies, including European Union research programmes such as Horizon Europe. NARD supports energy-related initiatives by funding projects, fostering partnerships and promoting international collaboration to advance energy research and technology. Energy strategy and objectives Moldova passed legally binding legislation in April 2024 that commits the country to achieving net zero emissions by 2050. In addition to setting this target, Law No. 74 on Climate Action establishes a climate change commission to coordinate policies and public spending on adaptation and mitigation.Moldova’s Energy Strategy of 2030 had set…
