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Ukraine’s Energy Security
A pre-winter assessment As Ukraine enters its fourth winter of war, ensuring that residents retain reliable access to heat and power is of the utmost importance. While Ukraine made strong strides in rebuilding and strengthening the resilience of its energy system this past spring and summer, the situation remains fragile, and the risk of huge disruptions and widespread destabilisation remains – particularly as Russia expands the scope and sophistication of its attacks.This analysis builds on the IEA’s September 2024 report, Ukraine’s Energy Security and the Coming Winter. It provides an update on the latest developments through October…
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Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap
Ukraine’s energy sector has been severely affected by the Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion. The power sector went from having a large capacity surplus before the war to a power deficit in 2024 due to Russia’s attacks. This has focused attention on energy security and restoring the reliability of supply. Hydrogen demand from conventional applications in refining and ammonia has also plunged, falling 80%, with most of these assets in southern Ukraine, where the frontline and occupied areas are located. Overall economic damage from the war has been extensive, with reconstruction costs previously estimated by the World…
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Policy options to accelerate distributed solar PV in Ukraine
…scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, available dispatchable power generation capacity halved from roughly 38 GW to 19 GW. After severe attacks in spring 2024, capacity declined further, down to 12 GW. Towards the end of 2024 Ukraine was able to restore 3 GW and has worked to restore and add additional capacity throughout 2025, despite ongoing attacks.Distributed solar PV has played a key role, providing cost effective and rapid increases in electricity generation capacity, contributing to system resilience and overall energy security. The move towards a greater level of decentralisation in power generation can also support Ukraine in meeting its…
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Energy security
…demand; with rising air‑conditioner ownership and increasing temperatures, this value rose to 7 GW in 2024 and could further rise to 12 GW in 2030 without further efficiency action. If India were to experience similar heatwaves as in recent years – with temperature anomalies of over 4°C – the additional peak load would amount to 47 GW. However, if all new air conditioners in India were highly efficient (e.g. through increased minimum energy performance standards), peak load during a heatwave could be reduced by almost 9 GW or about 20%, significantly decreasing the risk of blackouts or brownouts. Need more information? IEA (2025), Energy Security.
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap
…adoption including the high upfront costs of heat pump technology and installation, alongside limited industry experience. Public awareness and demand for heat pumps remain low, with many consumers deterred by cost and maintenance concerns.This roadmap takes stock of the current landscape, draws on the experience of other countries and offers policy recommendations to spark a discussion and advance heat pump adoption in Moldova. Read about the three pillars for ramping up heat pumps Explore how Moldova could enhance energy security, reduce emissions, stimulate job growth and lower heating costs with targeted policies to accelerate the deployment of heat pumps.
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Gas Market Report, Q2-2025
…increasingly complex geopolitical context, responsible producers and consumers need to work together to reinforce efforts to ensure reliable gas supplies. This will be among the topics addressed at the international Summit on the Future of Energy Security, convened by the IEA, in partnership with the UK Government, on 24-25 April 2025. Beyond the growing complexity of gas supply security both in the short and long term, the decarbonisation of gas and the broader energy system will require the deployment and scaling up of low-emissions gases. Part of the IEA’s Low-Emissions Gases Work Programme, this quarterly Gas…
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Lithuania 2025
…was prepared in partnership between the Government of Lithuania and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA Member countries to assess Lithuania’s most pressing energy sector challenges and provide recommendations on how to address them, backed by international best practices. The report also highlights areas where Lithuania’s leadership can serve as an example in promoting secure and clean energy transitions. It also promotes the exchange of best practices among countries to foster learning, build consensus and strengthen political will for a sustainable and affordable energy future. Translation
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Powering Ireland’s Energy Future
…this transition, supported by a detailed security study on the electricity supply mix.The analysis sets out five pillars for policy action: Establishing a cross-sectoral energy security strategy for the 2030s; delivering the enabling infrastructure to accommodate the growth of electricity demand and supply; accelerating the delivery of generation capacity, storage and demand-side flexibility; enabling secure system operation under high renewable penetration; advancing workforce skills, strengthening partnerships and facilitating electrification. Ireland can build on its progress in power system transformation to set an example of secure integration of large shares of variable renewable generation while safeguarding energy security.
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Oil Market Report - September 2025
…Brent futures falling by about $2/bbl m-o-m to $67/bbl. Geopolitical concerns intensified amid dwindling hopes for a near-term peace deal between Russia and Ukraine. However, the prospect of looming oversupply dampened any positive price impetus, as investor sentiment towards oil remained strongly bearish. Pushed and pulled Oil markets are being pulled in different directions by a range of forces, with the potential for supply losses stemming from new sanctions on Russia and Iran coming against a backdrop of higher OPEC+ supply and the prospect of increasingly bloated oil balances. China continues to stockpile crude oil…
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Czechia 2025
…was prepared in partnership between the Government of Czechia and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA Member countries to assess Czechia’s most pressing energy sector challenges and provide recommendations on how to address them, backed by international best practices. The report also highlights areas where Czechia’s leadership can serve as an example in promoting secure and clean energy transitions. It also promotes the exchange of best practices among countries to foster learning, build consensus and strengthen political will for a sustainable and affordable energy future. Translation
