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Global Energy Review 2025
…of the rise in electricity demand was met by low-emissions sources, led by the record-breaking expansion of solar PV capacity, with further growth in other renewables and nuclear power. Gas demand also picked up substantially, while oil and coal consumption increased more slowly than in 2023.CO2 emissions from the energy sector continued to increase in 2024 but at a slower rate than in 2023. A key driver was record-high temperatures: if global weather patterns in 2023 had repeated in 2024, around half of the increase in global emissions would have been avoided. At the same time…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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Powering Ireland’s Energy Future
Approaches for a secure, renewables-led electricity system to 2035 Ireland has emerged as a frontrunner in integrating wind power, which supplied around a third of its electricity in 2024. As this power system transformation continues, electricity is set to be the backbone for achieving Ireland’s climate, energy and socio-economic ambitions, making electricity security critical to realising progress in key areas including housing, digital infrastructure, transport and heat. Going forward, Ireland faces strategic choices on how to align its ambitions while ensuring secure electricity supply to 2035.This report assesses the outlook for Ireland’s energy security to…
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Electricity Mid-Year Update 2025
…appliances, cooling, data centres and electrification. At the same time, electricity supply from renewables, natural gas and nuclear continues to grow, with all set to reach new milestones.This mid-year update follows the extensive Electricity 2025 report released in February, examining the latest trends and the outlook for the remainder of the year. It includes updated data for 2024 along with new forecasts for 2025 and 2026 covering areas such as global electricity demand, supply by fuel type, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from electricity generation. The report also analyses the latest developments in major economies including China, the…
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies
…in particular, the evolving pattern presents both opportunities – including expanded equity participation and greater risk-sharing – and challenges linked to uneven availability of concessional or long-tenor finance.This report maps and analyses these changes through an energy sector-level dataset covering 2015 to 2024. It explores how China’s evolving financing model is reshaping instruments, institutions and regional allocation patterns, and also considers the strategic and practical implications for EMDE energy transitions.The analysis is complemented by case studies covering a range of technologies and financial structures – from large-scale renewables and electricity distribution to green industrial projects, waste…
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Energy Transition Review for Enhancing Co-operation
…resource endowments and infrastructure, but also exposing the system to global price volatility and import dependence.Renewable energy presents major opportunities for the Philippines to diversify its power supply and meet growing demand. Government targets aim to increase the share of renewables in the power generation mix to 35% by 2030 and 50% by 2040 – up from the 22% achieved in 2024. These objectives are articulated in the Philippine Energy Plan (PEP) 2023-2050, Volume II: Transitioning to Reliable, Clean, and Resilient Energy (hereafter “Philippine Energy Plan”) and the Power Development Plan (PDP) 2023-2050, which emphasise renewable deployment, energy efficiency…
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Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap
Ukraine’s energy sector has been severely affected by the Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion. The power sector went from having a large capacity surplus before the war to a power deficit in 2024 due to Russia’s attacks. This has focused attention on energy security and restoring the reliability of supply. Hydrogen demand from conventional applications in refining and ammonia has also plunged, falling 80%, with most of these assets in southern Ukraine, where the frontline and occupied areas are located. Overall economic damage from the war has been extensive, with reconstruction costs previously estimated by the World…
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap
…Moldova lacks domestic hydrocarbon resources and imports more than 80% of its primary energy. Heat pump technology offers Moldova an effective means of accelerating the transition in building heating.The recent expansion of Moldova’s solar and wind capacity also means that heat pumps can now play a greater role in cutting greenhouse gas emissions and lowering local air pollution. Finally, Moldovan’s 2024 referendum, endorsing the goal of European Union membership, underscores the country’s commitment to European integration. Outlining an effective path to decarbonise energy use is a prerequisite for joining the bloc and heat pumps can play…
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COP28 Tripling Renewable Capacity Pledge 2025: Update
…pledge.This report is an update to the 2024 analysis with extended geographical coverage. It reviews all new NDCs submitted until the end of COP30 and quantifies renewable ambitions for 2030. It also examines updated national policies and plans for almost 200 countries from June 2024 to December 2025 to identify how national renewable capacity ambitions have changed since the last report. This analysis benchmarks renewable ambitions in new NDC submissions against national plans. The report also assesses how they both align with the tripling global renewable capacity by 2030 pledge.Renewable Energy Progress Tracker now includes updated data on…
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Ensuring a Skilled Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Workforce
…and skills gaps across renewable energy, grids, and energy efficiency. It highlights the increased demand for skilled workers in these sectors and the need to address skilled labour shortages. The report identifies barriers which are currently hindering energy education and training. It also discusses policy measures aimed at attracting more people to the renewable energy and energy efficiency sectors and providing them with the necessary training. The report includes new IEA analysis on online job postings in renewable energy and energy efficiency, and IEA modelling on energy employment from 2024 as the last full year of data available at the…
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Kenya 2024
…and the IEA, whose strong partnership achieved an important milestone in 2023 when Kenya joined the IEA family as an Association country.The review leverages the IEA’s extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA member countries to assess Kenya’s most pressing energy challenges and provide recommendations backed by international best practices, especially as Kenya revises its 2018 Energy Policy to adapt it to current energy trends and needs.The report highlights Kenya’s leadership in areas such as promoting universal access to modern energy and developing its renewable energy capacity, especially geothermal. It also encourages…
