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Financing Electricity Access in Africa
…current landscape, this report offers deeper insights into how investment evolves to reach universal access – quantifying the scale of private and public financing required as well as the affordability challenges across the continent.This report comes at a time when the international community is mobilising to provide additional financial support to tackle this key issue, under South Africa’s leadership of the G20, Brazil’s COP30 Presidency and the Mission 300 initiative. The IEA’s analysis underscores how international finance, resources and technical expertise must be strategically directed to drive the electricity access transformation needed across the continent, supporting Africa…
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Oil Market Report - July 2025
…markets in a meaningful way given tighter fundamentals. Disconnects Benchmark crude oil prices rose by around $7/bbl on average in June, trading in a wide range between $65/bbl and $80/bbl. Israel’s air strikes on Iranian military and nuclear targets sent prices soaring mid-month, with North Sea Dated briefly surpassing $80/bbl before returning to pre-conflict levels after a ceasefire accord was reached. At the time of writing, Dated was trading just above $72/bbl, down $15/bbl on a year ago.Escalating geopolitical tensions were set against a backdrop of an apparently oversupplied market…
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Chile 2050 Energy Transition Roadmap
World Energy Outlook Special report Chile has made significant strides in its energy transition, towards its ambitious long-term goals and it stands at a pivotal moment in its energy journey, possessing remarkable renewable and critical mineral resources. The Chile 2050 Energy Transition Roadmap, produced at the request of the Government of Chile, and in close collaboration with the Chilean Ministry of Energy, sets out a detailed pathway for the country to reach its legally binding goal of net zero emissions by 2050 while expanding economic growth and improving energy security and affordability. This pathway relies on four pillars: accelerating…
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Emission reductions
…reduce inequality. In households that lack access to clean cooking, air pollution is linked to around 3.7 million premature deaths a year. Replacing open fires and inefficient stoves with cleaner, more modern stoves and fuels reduces household air pollution and improves efficiency. Indoor air pollution from liquid petroleum gas (LPG) cookstoves is only around 5% of pollution from traditional biomass, while being over three times more efficient. Switching from LPG to electric cooking would further reduce indoor air pollution by 25% and is over 1.5 times more efficient. Need more information? IEA (2024), Energy Efficiency 2024.IEA (2023), A…
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Coal 2025
…of different trends could shape coal markets in the years ahead.On the one hand, recent policy changes supporting coal could drive consumption higher, as could surging electricity demand in economies across the world, since two-thirds of global coal use today is for power generation. On the other, the rapid expansion of renewable energy capacity – particularly in China, the world’s biggest coal consumer – has the potential to curb demand. At the same time, the coming wave of liquefied natural gas (LNG) export capacity, which is likely to bring more abundant supplies and lower prices to natural gas markets…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026
The IEA's Global Hydrogen Review 2026 provides an update on hydrogen production and demand worldwide and identifies the latest developments relating to policy, infrastructure, trade, investments and innovation.The report is an output of the Clean Energy Ministerial Hydrogen Initiative and is intended to provide an update to energy sector stakeholders on the status and future prospects of hydrogen, and to inform discussions at the Hydrogen Energy Ministerial Meeting organised by Japan.The conflict in the Middle East is impacting global supplies of hydrogen and hydrogen derivatives, such as fertilisers, exposing vulnerabilities in their supply chains. As energy security…
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Best Practices and Insights to Expand Clean Energy Access and Adoption
This report was commissioned by the European Commission to serve as a technical repository of analysis and evidence-based practices in support of the Campaign on Sustainable Lifestyles, Fairness and Access to Clean Energy Technologies. The analysis presented draws on discussions and research shared during the Widening Participation in Clean Energy workshop held in Brussels, contributions presented at the official all-member meetings of the Campaign on Sustainable Lifestyles, and the IEA’s analytical work in areas such as people-centred clean energy transitions, affordability, energy efficiency and clean energy access.This work is organised into three chapters, each corresponding…
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Oil Market Report - November 2025
…monthly decline amid concerns about weak fundamentals and looming oversupply. Dated barely held above $60/bbl mid-month – a four-year low – before rebounding by $5/bbl on the view that Washington’s sanctions against Rosneft and Lukoil may curtail Russian oil flows. At the time of writing, Dated was trading around $62/bbl. Imbalances Global oil market balances are looking increasingly lopsided, as world oil supply is forging ahead while oil demand growth remains modest by historical standards. At the same time, the risks to the forecast remain plentiful, with the economic repercussions of the recent tariff turmoil and…
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Germany 2025
Energy Policy Review Government action plays a pivotal role in ensuring secure and sustainable energy transitions and combatting the climate crisis. Energy policy is critical not just for the energy sector but also for meeting environmental, economic and social goals. Governments need to respond to their country’s specific needs, adapt to regional contexts and help address global challenges. In this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Germany and the IEA. It draws…
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Oil Market Report - April 2025
…At the time of writing, Brent futures were trading at around $65/bbl, after earlier hitting their lowest levels in more than four years to below $60/bbl. Buckle up After a period of relative calm, global oil markets were roiled by a barrage of trade tariff announcements in early April. Benchmark crude oil prices plunged to their lowest levels in four years on a sharp escalation in trade tensions and the prospect of higher supplies from some OPEC+ countries. Brent futures tumbled by more than $15/bbl, to below $60/bbl, but subsequently recovered to around $65/bbl after…
