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Renewables for Industry Executive summary
Electrification of heat can improve efficiency, help diversify industrial energy, and enhance energy security A broad range of industries that depend primarily on low-temperature heat and steam processes represent roughly 70% of global industrial energy consumption. They span diverse manufacturing activities – from food and beverages to textiles, chemicals, transport equipment, wood products and paper. In 2023, these sectors emitted nearly 3 Gt of direct energy-related CO₂, accounting for half of all direct industrial emissions, although emissions have declined by around 8% since 2013.Industrial energy use is largely in the form of heat and is increasingly being supplied…
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Demand and Supply Measures for the Steel and Cement Transition Executive summary
The seeds for producing and using near-zero emissions materials have been planted, but acceleration is needed The industry sector requires a massive scale-up of markets for transformative near-zero emissions materials to contribute to the achievement of internationally-agreed government objectives for net zero emissions. Such scale-up requires the production and use of these materials to grow from essentially zero today to capture nearly the entire market within the next few decades, shifting away from high-emissions conventional production and demand. The steel and cement sectors account for 14% of global energy and process-related emissions on…
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Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions Key findings from workshops on challenges and opportunities for tracking progress on just and inclusive energy transitions
Several challenges and opportunities emerged from the seven workshops. These include: Data improvements and digital opportunities Improving the availability of disaggregated data offers new ways to monitor key just transition dimensions.Clean energy programmes and policies can affect groups differently. Indicators tracking their just and inclusive dimensions, therefore, require disaggregated data that allow for intersectional analysis of key socio-economic factors such as gender, age, disability, household tenure, migration status or rural-urban divides. While the availability of disaggregated data remains a fundamental challenge for tracking just transitions across the world, improving it also represents a major opportunity for policymakers…
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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Prices
In the last 12 months, all major coal price indices declined The global coal market has undergone a gradual normalisation since the peak of the 2022 energy crisis, when thermal coal prices soared above USD 400 per tonne across multiple benchmarks. This extraordinary price spike briefly saw thermal coal trading at a premium to coking coal.By 2023, as energy markets broadly recalibrated, coal prices began to ease. The traditional pricing hierarchy reasserted itself, with coking coal once again priced above thermal coal. This shift reflected a normalisation of market conditions, improving supply-demand balances. Notably, tight coking coal supply from…
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Fabian Burkard
Policy and Data Research Analyst.
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- Executive summary
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
- Steel
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+ 3 pages
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Executive summary
The value of international collaboration in the current context Well-targeted international collaboration can amplify domestic efforts to reduce emissions and deploy low-emission technologies and solutions. Acting together, countries, companies and global initiatives are in the unique position to harmonise standards, aggregate demand, mobilise finance and move markets in ways that are nearly impossible to achieve in isolation. Geopolitical tensions and economic uncertainty are testing the resilience of international co-operation, but also underscore its importance to avoid fragmentation of global markets and delaying action on emissions reductions. This report therefore identifies many practical opportunities for countries to work…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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+ 4 pages
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Global Energy and Climate Model About the Global Energy and Climate Model
Overview Since 1993, the IEA has provided medium- to long-term energy projections using a continually evolving set of detailed, world-leading modelling tools. First, the World Energy Model (WEM) – a large-scale simulation model designed to replicate how energy markets function – was developed. A decade later, the Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP) model – a technology-rich bottom-up model – was developed for use in parallel to the WEM.Over the past four years, the IEA has worked to develop a new integrated modelling framework: the IEA’s Global Energy and Climate (GEC) Model. This model is now the principal tool…
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Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap Executive summary
Georgia is at a pivotal point in shaping sustainable transport policy. This roadmap guides policy makers in making transport cleaner, fairer and more efficient while building on Georgia’s strengths – its location, institutions, competitive wages, low-emissions electricity and natural resources. Key opportunities include assembling and producing electric vehicles; manufacturing cells and battery components for mobility and storage; strengthening regional freight links; and developing low-emissions fuels.Road transport has become cleaner and more efficient, but progress needs to accelerate. Car ownership and freight activity have risen along with incomes, but this comes at a cost: Nearly all of Georgia…
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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Regional insights
Central and South America The fossil fuel sector in Central and South America emitted around 8 Mt of methane in 2024, about 45% of which were from oil and gas facilities in Venezuela. Oil and gas facilities are the main sources of methane emissions in Venezuela, Argentina and Brazil, and coal mines are the largest source in Colombia.The upstream methane emissions intensity of oil and gas operations in Venezuela is six times the global average, and its flaring intensity is ten times the global average. Operations in Argentina and Ecuador are around twice the global average, while Brazil and Colombia…
