• Country

        Denmark

        Denmark has been an early leader in decarbonisation and in 2022 the government announced a net zero by 2045 target, aiming at 110% emissions reductions by 2050. Denmark’s technology leadership is important in the areas of offshore wind, biomethane and district heating. The government has expanded these categories to adopt a strategic focus on carbon capture and storage (CCUS) and hydrogen. The government has a robust energy and climate governance under the Danish Ministry of Climate, Energy and Utilities and ‘the year wheel’ of Climate Act of 2020 ensures annual policy actions and funding. Among IEA countries, Denmark has…

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        • Fuel report

        • May 2025

        Northwest European Hydrogen Monitor 2025

        …The cost-efficient development of low-emissions hydrogen markets also necessitates a regional approach that maximises existing synergies among national markets. This is the third edition of the Northwest European Hydrogen Monitor. It provides an annual update of low-emissions hydrogen market developments in Northwest Europe and is the result of collaboration among the countries involved in the Hydrogen Initiative of the Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM-H2I) workstream entitled “Roundtable on the North-West European Region” and the hydrogen working group of the Pentalateral Forum.The countries analysed in this Monitor are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Luxemburg, the Netherlands…

        Photo Showing A Hydrogen Renewable Energy Production Pipeline Shutterstock 2169583027

        • Commentary

        • 15 Jun 2026

        From farms to fuel: Ukraine’s biomethane opportunity for energy security and European decarbonisation

        … Additionally, the ongoing conflict in the Middle East continues to drive imported natural gas price volatility. In this context, countries with support schemes based on biomethane tariffs and premiums, such as France, Denmark or Italy, have been relatively successful in shielding biomethane prices from recent spikes in natural gas, including during the 2022 energy crisis.Expanding biomethane production can contribute to improving energy supply resilience during the ongoing war while supporting the transition to a more diversified and sustainable energy system over the longer term. Realising Ukraine's biomethane potential, however, will depend less on feedstock availability than on addressing…

        • Country

        Norway

        Norway has set ambitious targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and establishing a low-emissions society by 2050. As an energy-rich country, Norway is in a unique starting position with respect to the energy transition. An abundance of affordable hydropower has enabled the development of energy-intensive industries and a high level of electrification of homes and businesses with limited greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, as a major oil and gas producer and exporter, Norway will need to support an evolution of its energy sector amid the global energy transition. Altogether, Norway has the opportunity to lead…

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        • Flagship report

        • May 2025

        Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in heavy-duty electric vehicles

        …to 2023, the electric bus sales share has remained relatively stable, hovering around 60%.  In Europe, the world’s second-largest market for electric buses, sales increased by almost 15% in 2024, bringing the sales share to more than 13%. Several countries, including Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands and Norway, now have electric bus sales shares of more than 40%. The United Kingdom continues to have the largest number of sales in Europe, accounting for around 20% of the region’s sales in 2024, with a year-on-year growth of over 40% and almost 2 000 electric buses sold in 2024. Italy…

        Electric cars charing in a parking lot

        • Country

        Sweden

        Sweden is a global leader in decarbonisation and has targets to cut greenhouse gas emissions 59% by 2030 compared with 2005, and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2045. Sweden was the first country to introduce carbon pricing and has the highest carbon price in the world, which has proven effective at driving decarbonisation. Most of Sweden’s electricity supply comes from hydro and nuclear, along with a growing contribution from wind. Heating is supplied mainly through bioenergy-based district heating and heat pumps.
        Most of Sweden’s greenhouse gas emissions come from the transport sector, which remains…

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        • Country

        The Netherlands

        The Netherlands aims to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2050, and numerous measures have been introduced to support achievement of this goal. A competitive auctions process awards subsidies to renewables, hydrogen and carbon capture, based on avoided CO2 emissions. An offshore wind roadmap is driving rapid deployment and aims for 11.5 GW of capacity by 2030, while strong innovation programmes support deployment of key decarbonisation technologies. Electricity from solar has experienced an impressive growth, with the Netherlands ranking among the top countries in the world for installed PV capacity per capita. The Netherlands will need to closely monitor…

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        • Country

        Finland

        Finland has one of the most ambitious climate targets, a legal obligation to reach carbon neutrality by 2035. It is making progress towards this target and has one of the lowest levels of reliance on fossil fuels among IEA member countries. Finland’s forests, which historically offset significant greenhouse gas emissions, have become a net emissions source. A continued push towards the energy transition is needed, as imported fossil fuels still account for over one-third of energy supply and cover higher shares in transport and key industries.

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        • Policy

        • Denmark

        • 2021

        Denmark’s Inge Lehmann Programme

        Denmark’s Inge Lehmann Programme offers research grants to researchers with the objective of improving gender balance. Inge Lehmann grants are awarded to younger researchers, as evidence shows that gender imbalances emerge at early career stages in research environments. The programme aims to draw attention to the gender imbalance in academia, where in Denmark only 23% of professors at Danish universities are currently women. Researchers can apply for project funding via the Independent Research Fund Denmark, which expects to award 30 to 40 grants in 2021, with funding disseminated in 2022. The programme’s funding for 2021 totals DKK 110…

        • Policy

        • Denmark

        • 2007

        Denmark-Danish Building Regulations BR10-Space heating,New buildings - 2007

        Denmark-Danish Building Regulations BR10-Space heating,New buildings - 2007

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