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Electric Vehicles
Global electric car sales continue to break records as affordability improves
Despite recent economic headwinds that have put pressure on the auto sector, global sales of electric cars have continued to break records as electric models become increasingly affordable. Electric car sales exceeded 17 million globally in 2024, reaching a sales share of more than 20%. Just the additional 3.5 million electric cars sold in 2024 compared with the previous year is more than the total number of electric cars sold worldwide in 2020.
In 2025, sales of electric cars are expected to surpass 20 million, accounting for over…
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Energy Technology Perspectives 2026 Executive summary
Despite headwinds, the markets for clean energy technologies and fuels are expanding rapidly Deployment of many clean energy technologies, fuels and materials has been growing fast, but shifting policies, economic conditions and technological progress are creating uncertainty about their prospects and economic potential. Against this backdrop, the IEA’s flagship technology publication Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP) aims to separate the signal from the noise, by providing timely data, scenarios and analysis across deployment, manufacturing, trade, competitiveness and security. At a time when misjudging the moment risks wasting capital or stalling momentum, this report has been designed to help decision makers…
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Global Methane Tracker 2026
Around the world, many countries have made reductions in methane emissions a policy priority as part of their efforts to limit near-term global warming, enhance energy security, and improve air quality. The energy sector – including oil, natural gas, coal and bioenergy – accounts for around 40% of methane emissions from human activity and has some of the best opportunities to cut these emissions. The annually updated Global Methane Tracker provides essential data on methane emissions across the energy sector and the opportunities to bring them down.The Tracker presents the IEA’s latest sector-wide emissions estimates – based on the…
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Delivering Sustainable Fuels Executive summary
…carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS), switching to renewable energy for processing, or powering electrolysers with dedicated low-emissions electricity. By 2035, most existing and emerging fuel pathways could reach very low lifecycle greenhouse gas intensity (gCO2/MJ), and in some cases even deliver net carbon removal, provided that performance-based policies that drive continuous improvements are implemented.Liquid and gaseous renewable fuels already play a visible role in today’s global energy landscape. They are particularly relevant for transport, where they represent 4% of total energy demand. Liquid biofuels dominate current use, with emerging contributions from biogases and low…
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Transport
…entire sector. Managing travel demand, distances travelled and car dependency; sustaining active modes of travel; and supporting the recovery of public transport.
Use fiscal instruments to stem transport emissions and encourage modal shift
In countries where high fuel taxes are levied, light-duty vehicle fuel consumption (measured in litres of fuel consumed per vehicle-kilometre) is among the lowest in the world. Other fiscal measures, including higher taxation of large, heavy vehicles and/or lower taxation of small, lightweight vehicles can accelerate fuel economy improvements. At the subnational level, measures such as congestion charges, parking fees, road pricing and tolls…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Manufacturing and trade
…Other European countries, principally the United Kingdom, continued to be the main destinations for EU exports, representing two-thirds of the total. Recent tariff hikes in the United States reduced North America’s share of EU exports by nearly four percentage points, though export volumes were similar to 2024 levels. Despite growing exports, the EU net trade balance narrowed as imports went up around 35% year-on-year to reach more than 900 000 in 2025. China accounted for almost 60% of these, equivalent to less than 20% of EU demand, a similar share to the previous year. Chinese-made electric cars sold in the European Union are increasingly…
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Jobs
…Energy efficiency spurs job creation at the local level while creating economy-wide gains. While jobs in industrial efficiency and manufacturing tend to be more concentrated, sectors such as buildings, which require the deployment of technicians to install and repair equipment or energy auditors, can also boost local employment. Investments in qualification and upskilling can decrease the risk of skills and labour shortages and enable the economy to benefit from the full potential of energy efficiency job creation. In the United States, IEA analysis shows that energy efficiency offers more jobs than other energy sectors – such as fossil fuel supply…
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Portugal 2026
Energy Policy Review Government action plays a pivotal role in ensuring secure and sustainable energy transitions. Energy policy is critical not just for the energy sector but also for meeting environmental, economic and social goals. Governments need to respond to their country’s specific needs, adapt to regional contexts and help address global challenges. In this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Portugal and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive…
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Asset values
Multiple benefits of Energy Efficiency 2025 Energy efficiency provides multiple benefits. This page explores asset values. Why is energy efficiency important for asset values? Energy efficiency can increase the value of assets, such as homes, buildings or equipment, and lead to lower vacancy rates and longer equipment lifespans. Key facts Energy efficient buildings can command a premium on sale and rental price in both the residential and commercial sectors. Studies show that sale price premiums for energy efficient buildings range from 3% to 15% in residential buildings and 13 to 20% in commercial buildings. Key analysis Studies show that individuals…
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State of Energy Policy 2026
The IEA State of Energy Policy 2026 report provides with a unique review of policy progress made in 2025 across all energy sectors and instruments, with a special focus on government spending, energy efficiency regulations, and the contribution of the energy sector to nationally determined contributions and long-term net zero pledges.This year’s report brings an extensive examination of energy security policies to the period 1973-2025, from oil and natural gas to clean energy technology supply chains and critical minerals. It also spotlights the policy momentum around energy access, most particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, taking stock…
