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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Clean Efficient Cooking
Clean Efficient Cooking
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Ukraine’s Energy Security
A pre-winter assessment As Ukraine enters its fourth winter of war, ensuring that residents retain reliable access to heat and power is of the utmost importance. While Ukraine made strong strides in rebuilding and strengthening the resilience of its energy system this past spring and summer, the situation remains fragile, and the risk of huge disruptions and widespread destabilisation remains – particularly as Russia expands the scope and sophistication of its attacks.This analysis builds on the IEA’s September 2024 report, Ukraine’s Energy Security and the Coming Winter. It provides an update on the latest developments through October…
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Critical Mineral Traceability for Energy and Economic Security Executive summary
Risks to energy and economic security from high levels of concentration in critical mineral supply chains became a reality in 2025. All of the IEA’s six focus minerals – copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and rare earth elements – are set to see strong demand growth, driven by their central role in energy and strategic industrial applications. Yet diversification has lagged demand, with processing and refining remaining highly concentrated. Risks from concentration materialised in 2025 as new export controls threatened the supply of materials critical to strategic and economically important industries.Recent years have seen a proliferation of new policies and…
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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Overcoming barriers to abatement
There are gaps in financing, data and capacity Tackling methane emissions from fossil fuel operations represents one of the fastest and lowest-cost opportunities to reduce greenhouse emissions globally. Almost all the available methane abatement measures across the energy sector would be cost-effective to deploy in the presence of a greenhouse gas emissions price of about USD 20/tCO2‑eq. Several factors explain why methane emission reduction measures have not been deployed more widely. For example, companies could be unaware of the scale of the problem or the available solutions. There may be higher-profile opportunities competing for investment resources, or…
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The Value of Demand Flexibility Executive summary
With global electricity demand rising and set to add around 1 000 TWh each year until 2035, new ways of managing the balance between supply and demand are needed. Demand flexibility – the ability to adjust the timing or amount of electricity use in response to system needs – is central to help achieve this balance. Advances in digitalisation, including the growing use of AI tools, are further enhancing the ability to deploy flexibility effectively.This policy brief, part of the 3DEN Initiative, presents a concise framework for understanding demand flexibility and its value across the energy system, highlighting that it can:Enhance power…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS)
The Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) has a long pedigree in the International Energy Agency (IEA) family of scenarios. It was introduced in 2019 with this name, but it has much in common with the previous New Policies Scenario that dates back to the 2010 edition of the World Energy Outlook (WEO). The intention of this scenario is to reflect the prevailing direction of travel for the energy system based on a detailed reading of the latest policy settings in countries around the world. It takes into account specific energy, climate and related industrial policies that have been adopted or put…
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Rare Earth Elements Illustrative mine-to-magnet value chain
Illustrative mine-to-magnet value chain
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Global Energy Review 2026 Electricity demand
Electricity demand grew more than twice as fast as overall energy demand Global electricity demand grew year-on-year by around 3% in 2025, easing from 4.4% in 2024, when intense heat waves boosted electricity consumption. Nevertheless, the 2025 growth rate remained above the 2.8% annual average observed between 2014 and 2024 and was also well over twice the rate of overall global energy demand growth in 2025 (1.3%). Demand growth was well above long-term average rates in advanced economies, but slowed in Asian economies In 2025, emerging market and developing economies accounted for 80% of…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Clean Energy Technology Supply Chain Data Executive summary
Energy security in the Age of Electricity is inextricably linked to securing the supply chains for clean energy technologies and the equipment and materials used to manufacture them. As countries continue to pursue energy transitions and make investments in the deployment and manufacturing of these technologies – guided by industrial strategies – a detailed understanding of their supply chains has an essential role to play.The availability of good-quality, timely data is crucial to understanding clean energy technology supply chains and addressing vulnerabilities. Risks to supply chains can arise from interdependencies across technologies and between geographies, among other factors. Today, the…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Manufacturing and trade
Manufacturing and trade of electric cars Global electric car output reached record levels in 2025 while European production rebounded Nearly 22 million electric cars were produced globally in 2025 – up more than 25% compared to the previous year. Of those, about one-quarter were traded between major production and demand centres. China remains the world’s largest hub for manufacturing and trade of electric cars, capturing nearly 75% and 40% of the respective global totals. Primarily led by domestic carmakers, China’s 2025 production of 16 million electric cars outstripped domestic demand by 20%, pushing Chinese electric car exports to double to…
