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Gas Market Report, Q3-2025 Executive summary
Following a slowdown in 2025, global gas demand growth is forecast to accelerate in 2026 Global natural gas demand returned to structural growth in 2024 and continued to expand in the first half of 2025, albeit at a markedly slower pace. Growth was primarily concentrated in Europe and North America, with adverse weather leading to stronger gas use in the buildings and power sectors. In contrast, gas demand was subdued in Asia, with both China and India recording demand declines in the first half of 2025. Market fundamentals remained tight in the first half of 2025 due to a combination…
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SDG7 Database
Historical time series on access to electricity and clean cooking (SDG 7.1) and progress towards SDG targets on renewables (SDG 7.2) and energy efficiency (SDG 7.3) This data set is updated as a part of the IEA’s role as co-custodian for tracking progress on Sustainable Development Goal 7. The other co-custodians include International Renewable Energy Agency, United Nations Statistics Division, the World Bank, and World Health Organisation.
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Botswana
Coal production is set to increase in Botswana, but exports remain limited and mainly involve trade with neighbouring countries. Regarding electrification rates, the country has recently made good progress through a large push for mini-grid and off-grid solutions in rural areas.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap The hydrogen opportunity
…steel and fertilisers could reach 2.2 Mtpa, if pre-invasion capacity is restored, and the government target has set a target of 7.2 Mtpa of production by 2050. Most hydrogen production projects proposed prior to the invasion are close to the border with the European Union.Ukraine has a technical potential for solar PV and onshore wind equivalent to 9‑14 times its pre-invasion electricity demand and 2‑4 times its final energy demand. Half of this potential is in regions that are occupied or heavily mine-contaminated. The realisable economic potential is much lower, especially considering the current high cost of…
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Sudan
Most of Sudan’s electricity generation comes from hydropower, and more than half of the Eastern African region’s total oil-based capacity is located in the country. Sudan is also contemplating scaling up projects on solar power in the coming years.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Data Centres and Data Transmission Networks
CO2 emissions
Data centres and data transmission networks are responsible for 1% of energy-related GHG emissions
Energy
Strong efficiency improvements have helped to limit growth in energy demand from data centres globally
Activity
Emerging services and technologies such as streaming, cloud gaming, blockchain, artificial intelligence, machine learning and virtual reality are poised to boost demand for data services
Renewable energy
Policy
Private sector initiatives
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Executive summary
…the energy sector as a whole. Passenger cars are the single largest source of global oil demand today, covering around one-quarter of total consumption, while electric cars are a small but growing driver of electricity demand. The use of alternative fuels, notably biofuels, represents 5% of energy use from cars today and is set to grow in support of policy priorities such as fuel diversification and emissions reductions. The extent and pace by which cars electrify, however, is what will affect future car manufacturing as well as the energy sector the most, and explains the focus of this report…
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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Overcoming barriers to abatement
There are gaps in financing, data and capacity Tackling methane emissions from fossil fuel operations represents one of the fastest and lowest-cost opportunities to reduce greenhouse emissions globally. Almost all the available methane abatement measures across the energy sector would be cost-effective to deploy in the presence of a greenhouse gas emissions price of about USD 20/tCO2‑eq. Several factors explain why methane emission reduction measures have not been deployed more widely. For example, companies could be unaware of the scale of the problem or the available solutions. There may be higher-profile opportunities competing for investment resources, or…
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World Energy Investment 2025 Eurasia
…a significant share of overall energy investment, Eurasia's upstream oil and gas investment is projected to be around USD 54 billion by 2025, around half of 2015 levels. This decline is particularly evident in greenfield projects, where investment has fallen from around 50% in 2015 to less than 20% in 2025. Around 75% of oil and gas upstream investment in the region is made by Russia. Low oil prices have pushed Russian companies to cut costs and focus on cheaper brownfield projects rather than new developments. Moreover, international sanctions against Russia have significantly affected the energy sector by limiting access to…
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World Energy Investment 2025 European Union
…fossil fuel power to 35:1, from 6:1 ten years ago. Moreover, investment in buildings energy efficiency has nearly doubled over the past decade to USD 100 billion, and the region is a leader in sustainable debt issuance for green buildings.The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine sharply reduced Russian gas exports to the European Union, leading to a supply crisis and driving prices to record high levels. Aside from ramping up support for renewables and energy efficiency, EU countries have also diversified gas supplies, notably by increasing LNG imports from the United States. This has contributed to a stabilisation…
