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Coal 2025 Investments in coal projects and emissions abatement
…to support specific coal projects. In Africa there is renewed interest in projects in Mozambique. Australia is progressing with met coal developments, while market conditions have driven the sale of several assets to larger mining firms. In the United States the new administration has adopted a more favourable stance towards coal, introducing measures to promote production and demand, which is expanding the project pipeline.Activity in mergers and acquisitions, which was driven by high coal prices between 2022 and 2024, slowed significantly in 2025. Nevertheless, some transactions have gone ahead, notably in Queensland, Australia. In 2024, BHP and Mitsubishi divested from…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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+ 2 pages
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Venezuela
The Venezuela Plan for the National Electric System aims to integrate renewables in the power system by including it in medium and long-term strategies. It aims to develop the use of renewables within isolated rural communities including solar, small hydro and biogas.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo has huge hydropower potential while also dealing with extreme energy poverty. Foreign investors are currently partially lifting constraints on the country’s hydropower capacity, which is bringing down the costs of power supply and reducing the share of oil-fired power.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Financing Clean Energy in Africa Clean energy investment landscape: setting the scene
Summary The IEA’s Africa Energy Outlook 2022 laid out a new scenario – the Sustainable Africa Scenario (SAS) – which sees the continent achieve by 2030, in full and on time, all of its energy and climate-related goals, including universal energy access and its NDCs.Realising the SAS requires mobilising over USD 200 billion annually by 2030, but energy investment has been declining in Africa and in 2022 was under USD 90 billion. Clean energy spending was a fraction of this at around USD 25 billion – only 2% of the global total despite the recent rise in global clean energy investment. This is far from what…
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Senegal
In Senegal, 65% of the population has access to electricity. Strong policies and incentives have supported liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) use and less than 25% of the urban population now relies on solid biomass for cooking.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in heavy-duty electric vehicles
Electric bus and truck sales The electric bus market continued to expand, backed by increasingly favourable economics Electric bus sales grew by 30% in 2024Global sales of electric buses reached more than 70 000 in 2024, driven by renewed growth in China. Sales outside of China increased by just 5% in 2024, although they have almost tripled compared to 2020. As electric bus sales have increased in a range of countries, China’s share of global sales has fallen from around 99% in 2017 to less than 70% in 2024. Although electric bus sales in China generally declined from 2017 to…
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Renewables 2022 Renewable heat
…passed in August 2022, which allocates an estimated USD 22 billion (out of an estimated USD 369 billion for overall energy and climate change spending) for home energy supply improvements. The bill includes substantial rebates (of up to USD 8 000 for a space heating heat pump for low- and moderate-income households) and ten years of consumer tax credit (30%, or up to USD 2 000) for heat pumps, geothermal heating and electric heating appliances (e.g. stoves and clothes dryers) as well as high-efficiency biomass stoves and boilers. Outlook to 2027 Given the policy landscape as of September 2022…
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Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap Policy recommendations and milestones
As Armenia shifts toward a sustainable transport sector, a clear roadmap with structured policy recommendations and milestones is essential. To be sure, the transition faces challenges ranging from geopolitical risks to resource limitations. However, it also offers significant opportunities to lower CO2 emissions, improve transport accessibility for people and businesses, enhance regional and international connectivity and wean Armenia from its dependence on imported fossil fuels.In the summary below, the recommendations offered in this roadmap have been grouped into three categories to help the government prioritise its actions effectively and ensure a systematic transition toward low-carbon mobility. Each category…
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Renewables 2021 Renewable heat
Recent trends Global progress on conversion to renewable heat has been limited Heat is the world’s largest energy end use, accounting for almost half of global final energy consumption in 2021, significantly more than electricity (20%) and transport (30%). Industrial processes are responsible for 51% of the energy consumed for heat, while another 46% is consumed in buildings for space and water heating, and, to a lesser extent, cooking. The remainder is used in agriculture, primarily for greenhouse heating. Global heat demand declined by 2% in 2020, primarily due to the curtailment of economic activity as a result of…
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Hong Kong
Hong Kong
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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