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World Energy Investment 2025 Japan and Korea
…Investment in low-emissions electricity has grown in the last ten years by around 10% from USD 38 billion to USD 42 billion. 2025 is a critical year for energy policy, with the release of new plans to achieve the twin goals of securing stable energy supplies and accelerating the energy transition. Japan’s Seventh Strategic Energy Plan emphasised the expectation of increased electricity demand and the importance of maintaining energy security. Korea’s 11th Basic Plan for Electricity Supply and Demand highlighted the importance of energy security to meet the country’s rapid increase in electricity demand spurred by advanced industries such…
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Energy Efficiency 2024 How is the dumping of inefficient equipment affecting efficiency progress?
…close to the 5‑6.5 W/W the NZE Scenario foresees by 2030. At the same time, household budgets for the purchase and use of appliances differ strongly due to global wealth and income inequalities. The result is that access to efficient appliances that reduce household energy expenditure is very unevenly distributed.In addition, lower efficiency equipment, both new and second-hand, is typically exported to lower-income countries, thereby hindering the local market's ability to develop more efficient products. This practice, known as environmental dumping, has been defined by the Duke University School of Law as “the practice of…
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit: Case studies
The following case studies demonstrate how different countries have successfully implemented energy efficiency policies across various sectors. These real-world examples are designed to support policymakers by offering practical insights into what works, under which conditions, and why.Each case study highlights specific policy instruments—such as regulations, information campaigns, or financial incentives—and shows how they have been applied in different contexts. They provide evidence on the outcomes achieved, lessons learned, and the challenges encountered during implementation. Readers are encouraged to explore the case studies by sector, policy type, or geographic region using the filters provided. Case studies bridge…
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Electricity 2026 Prices
Affordability and competitiveness take centre stage Average wholesale electricity prices in 2025 rose year-on-year in multiple regions and countries, including Europe and the United States, while others such as India and Australia saw lower prices compared to 2024. Looking at electricity prices for energy-intensive industries, significant variations across regions remain. EU electricity prices for energy‑intensive industries stayed elevated in 2025, again averaging over twice US levels and nearly 50% above those in China, similar to 2024, adding competitive pressure.At the same time, negative wholesale electricity prices became more common across many markets. Exceptions include the Nordic region…
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Regional insights
Central and South America The fossil fuel sector in Central and South America emitted just under 8 million tonnes (Mt) of methane in 2025, around half of which was from oil and gas facilities in Venezuela. Oil and gas facilities are the main sources of methane emissions in Venezuela, Argentina and Brazil, whereas in Colombia emissions are split roughly evenly between coal mining and oil and gas activities. In Venezuela, the upstream methane emissions intensity of oil and gas operations is nearly six times the global average, and flaring intensity is around 12 times higher. The intensities of operations in Argentina…
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Innovation in mining, refining and recycling to promote diversification
…times with the use of artificial intelligence (AI). Innovations such as AI-based geological exploration can reduce drilling costs by up to 60% and increase discovery success rates by as much as four times. Technologies that enable rare earth extraction from ionic adsorption clay deposits could significantly reduce capital intensity and waste generation, opening up new production opportunities in countries such as Australia, Brazil, and Uganda. International collaborations can also play a vital role in addressing technology bottlenecks in building diversified supplies Diversifying supply sources face significant technological and cost bottlenecks that stem from gaps in processing expertise, environmental regulations…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Policies
Policies database Underpinning the scenario analysis of the GEC Model, an extensive effort is made to update and expand the list of energy and climate-related policies and measures that feed into our modelling. Assumptions about government policies are critical to this analysis and are the main reason for the differences in outcomes across the scenarios. A summary of some of the key policy targets and measures for different sectors by selected countries and regions can be found in the Annex B of WEO-2025.Although all care has been taken to ensure accuracy, completeness and clarity of content in…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Production highlights
Highlights Hydrogen production reached almost 100 Mt in 2024, but less than 1% was based on low-emissions hydrogen technologies. Based on announced projects, low-emissions hydrogen could reach 37 Mtpa by 2030, a reduction from the 49 Mtpa estimated in the Global Hydrogen Review 2024 (GHR-24).More projects are reaching final investment decision (FID), although the total production capacity reaching this stage in 2024 remained at the same level as in 2023. Persisting technical and regulatory barriers, financial obstacles and challenges in securing reliable offtake, in particular, continue to delay and occasionally completely stall project progress.Despite announced delays and cancellations…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Executive summary
…producers to seek out international markets.There is less momentum than before behind national and international efforts to reduce emissions, yet climate risks are rising. 2024 was the hottest year on record and the first in which global temperatures exceeded 1.5 degrees Celsius (°C) above pre-industrial levels. At the same time, the world remains thirsty for energy. New technologies are entering the system at speed, and renewables set new records for deployment in 2024 for the 23rd consecutive year. Oil, natural gas and coal consumption, and nuclear output, all reached record highs as well. Driven mainly by China…
