-
Renewables 2022 Renewable electricity
…People’s Republic of China (hereafter “China”). Renewables growth is propelled by more ambitious expansion policies in key markets, partly in response to the current energy crisis. This 85% acceleration on the last five years’ expansion rate results primarily from two factors. First, high fossil fuel and electricity prices resulting from the global energy crisis have made renewable power technologies much more economically attractive, and second, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has caused fossil fuel importers, especially in Europe, to increasingly value the energy security benefits of renewable energy. This year’s forecast has been revised upwards by almost 30…
-
COP28 Tripling Renewable Capacity Pledge 2025: Update Key Findings
…renewables ambitions. However, despite higher ambitions emerging from national policies, a significant ambition gap with the tripling pledge remains. One hundred-plus countries took policy action over the last year, with half increasing their renewable ambitions Fifty-one countries, have raised their renewable capacity ambitions for 2030, signalling growing national commitments to higher deployment. Conversely, 21 countries reduced their ambitions due to changing policy priorities or electricity demand projections that were lower than expected, while 29 countries maintained the same level of ambition in the new documents released. Concurrently, 49 countries did not release any new policy documents related to renewable…
-
Renewables 2021 Renewable electricity
…are expected to be limited, as high fossil fuel prices improve the competitiveness of wind and solar PV further.Our accelerated case assumes that governments address policy, regulatory and implementation challenges in the next couple of years. The stabilisation and eventual decline of commodity prices to levels observed over 2015-2019 and more affordable financing from the private sector also contribute to the accelerated growth of renewable electricity in this case. Accordingly, annual renewable capacity additions are a quarter higher than in our main case, reaching over 380 GW on average over 2021-2026. However, the gap between both our…
-
Renewables 2021 Renewable heat
…to renewable heat has been limited Heat is the world’s largest energy end use, accounting for almost half of global final energy consumption in 2021, significantly more than electricity (20%) and transport (30%). Industrial processes are responsible for 51% of the energy consumed for heat, while another 46% is consumed in buildings for space and water heating, and, to a lesser extent, cooking. The remainder is used in agriculture, primarily for greenhouse heating. Global heat demand declined by 2% in 2020, primarily due to the curtailment of economic activity as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, while renewable…
-
Energy Technology Perspectives 2026 Executive summary
Despite headwinds, the markets for clean energy technologies and fuels are expanding rapidly Deployment of many clean energy technologies, fuels and materials has been growing fast, but shifting policies, economic conditions and technological progress are creating uncertainty about their prospects and economic potential. Against this backdrop, the IEA’s flagship technology publication Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP) aims to separate the signal from the noise, by providing timely data, scenarios and analysis across deployment, manufacturing, trade, competitiveness and security. At a time when misjudging the moment risks wasting capital or stalling momentum, this report has been designed to help decision makers…
-
Renewables 2022 Renewable heat
…2027. Increasing industrial activity drives this trend, with China and India together representing 60% of industrial heat demand growth, while energy efficiency improvements allow building heat consumption to decline 4% globally. The traditional use of biomass is anticipated to decline by more than 3 EJ (‑13%) over the outlook period, mostly in China and India, owing in part to the deployment of improved biomass cookstoves. Modern renewable heat consumption is expected to increase by almost one-third during 2022-2027, raising the modern use of renewables in heat from 11.4% to 14% by 2027. In both the industry and bui...
-
Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Production
…China leads electrolysis manufacturing thanks to low costs and experience with large projects, but some signs of consolidation are also arising there, due to unsustainable domestic competition driven by excess capacity and offers below manufacturing costs. As a response, many manufacturers are looking to expand markets outside of China.In the near term, fossil-based production will remain less costly than renewable hydrogen in most parts of the world. Fossil price volatility can significantly reduce the cost gap during some periods, but this will not be enough to unlock FIDs and support policies will remain necessary for the near future.
-
World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for energy demand
…in some cases, emergency demand reduction campaigns. Policy responses vary, but in many instances they include determined efforts to accelerate clean energy investment. This means an even stronger push for renewables in the power sector and faster electrification of industrial processes, vehicles and heating. As many of the solutions to the current crisis coincide with those needed to meet global climate goals, the crisis may end up being seen in retrospect as marking a critical turning point in the drive for both energy security and emissions reductions. Key findings A gloomy economic outlook leads to lower projections of energy demand…
-
World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for electricity
…and heat pumps. The electricity sector accounted for 59% of all the coal used globally in 2021, together with 34% of natural gas, 4% of oil, 52% of all renewables and nearly 100% of nuclear power. It also accounted for over one-third of all energy-related CO2 emissions in 2021. Key findings Global electricity demand rises by 5 900 terawatt-hours (TWh) in the Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) and over 7 000 TWh in the Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) by 2030, equivalent to adding the current level of demand in the United States and the European Union. In advanced…
-
Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Executive summary
…compared with 49 Mtpa by 2030 when the Global Hydrogen Review 2024 was published a year ago. Potential production fell for both projects using electrolysis and those using fossil fuels with carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS), although electrolysis projects were responsible for more than 80% of the total drop. These delays and cancellations included early-stage projects across Africa, the Americas, Europe and Australia. At the same time, the number of projects that have received a final investment decision grew by almost 20% since the publication of the Global Hydrogen Review 2024 and now represent 9% of the total project…
