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Electricity 2026 Flexibility
Evolving generation and demand patterns reshape power system needs The Age of Electricity is underpinned by rising investments in new resources. These include growing converter-based variable solar PV and wind, battery storage systems, as well as spatially and temporally concentrated demand from EVs, heat pumps and large loads like data centres. Combined with the expansion and upgrade of transmission and distribution grids, substantial increases in the flexibility of power systems are required for secure and cost-effective integration of generation, load and storage technologies that characterise this new era.Last year’s report, Electricity 2025, focused on measures to…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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Emission reductions
Multiple benefits of Energy Efficiency 2025 Energy efficiency provides multiple benefits. This page explores emission reductions. Why is energy efficiency important for emission reductions? Energy efficiency can reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants and make the energy system more sustainable. Key facts Since 2010, efficiency measures avoided energy-related carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions equivalent to nearly 20% of the global total in 2023. This is more than the entire energy-related emissions of India and the European Union combined. Accelerating efficiency improvements could deliver a third of all energy-related CO₂ emission reductions between now and 2030 in…
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Implement the National Active Mobility Strategy - Green Mobility Package (Measure 8)
Support line of 3 million eurosAccelerating the construction of cycle lanes as part of "Portugal Ciclável 2030"Strengthen support for the purchase of bicycles and bicycle parking systems by the public administration, to the value of 200.000,00 euros in 2024
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Decree n°84/2022 establishing targets for the consumption of energy from renewable sources
The decree translates the 2018 EU directive on renewable energy use to the Portugal legal framework. It notably sets blending requirement to fuel suppliers, of 11% in 2022 // 11.5% in 2023 // 13% in 2025 // 14% in 2027 // 16% in 2029.
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Recovery and resilience plan / Climate transition dimension/ Hydrogen and renewables
Hydrogen and renewables is the 14th component of the Climate Transition pillar from Portugal's Recovery Plan. The EUR 370 million budget will be used to reduce the country's energy dependence while ensuring economic growth and supporting employment in the energy sector. It is composed of the following initiatives: ReformThe National Hydrogen Strategy (EN-H2) will create incentives to promote the gradual introduction of hydrogen, with targets for the 2030 horizon: -10-15% injection of green hydrogen into natural gas networks -2-5% of green hydrogen in the energy consumption of the industry sector -1-5% of green hydrogen…
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Recovery and resilience plan / Climate transition dimension/ Energy efficiency in buildings
Energy efficiency in buildings is the 13th component of the Climate Transition pillar from Portugal's Recovery Plan. The EUR 610 million budget will be used to rehabilitate buildings. The measures envisaged are split into: Reforms- Long term strategy for the renovation of buildings- Resource efficiency program in public administration 2030 (ECO.AP 2030)- Long term national strategy to combat energy poverty Investments:- Energy efficiency in central government buildings (EUR 240 million)- Energy efficiency in service buildings (EUR 70 million)- Energy efficiency in residential buildings (EUR 300 million)
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Recovery and resilience plan / Climate transition dimension/ Sustainable mobility
Sustainable mobility is the 15th component of the Climate Transition pillar from Portugal's Recovery Plan. The EUR 967 million budget will be used to decarbonize and improve the public transport systems and promote its use in order to reduce the dependence on individual road transport. The measures include:
A reform of the Transports Ecosystem to promote public transport and its network expansion.
Investments:
- Expansion of the Lisbon metro network - Red line to Alcântara (EUR 304 million)
- Expansion of the Porto metro network - Casa da Música-Santo Ovídio (EUR 299 million)
- Light metro Odiverals-Loures (EUR 250 million)
- BRT (Bus… -
China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 3. Saudi Arabia’s first green full-process heavy plate mill project
Project overview and impact Saudi Arabia is pursuing an ambitious industrial transformation under Vision 2030, including efforts to localise heavy industries, expand low-carbon manufacturing and diversify export capacity. Steel demand is expected to grow steadily due to investment in hydrogen, ammonia, shipbuilding, offshore engineering and large-scale infrastructure. However, the country currently imports nearly all of its heavy plate steel, and domestic production has lagged the needs of an economy shifting towards more capital-intensive sectors and cleaner industrial processes.A new heavy-plate complex developed jointly by China Baowu Steel Group, Saudi Aramco and the Public Investment Fund…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Battery storage
Battery storage is the fastest growing power technology today. In 2025, 108 GW of new battery storage capacity was deployed worldwide, 40% more than in 2024. Installed capacity is now eleven times higher than in 2021. Lithium‑iron phosphate (LFP) batteries now account for around 90% of deployments; while less energy‑dense than rival chemistries commonly used in EVs, LFP batteries are typically cheaper and better suited to more frequent cycling. Just five years ago, the market share of LFP batteries in deployments was well below 50%. Around 80% of new battery capacity in 2025 was utility‑scale. The remainder was behind-the…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Czechia 2025 Executive summary
The Czech Republic (Czechia) aims to phase out coal at an almost unprecedented pace. The IEA commends Czechia for such an ambitious phase-out. Coal is a major fuel source in Czechia, currently providing more than one-third of Czechia’s electricity and half of its district heating. Coal-fired plants are slated for retirement by 2033, but economic drivers may close them earlier. This would be an extraordinary transformation of Czechia’s energy system. The transition from its fossil fuel legacy can be a springboard to building a vibrant clean energy economy. But it is not without challenges, such…
