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Energy Efficiency 2025 Transport
…infrastructure support including charging and battery swapping stations, tax exemptions and financial support can accelerate their deployment.For heavy-duty trucks, fuel economy standards play a key role. Countries where standards are already in place can increase their stringency to scale up progress. Others can start by setting standards now to avoid inefficient vehicles entering the market and to accelerate the shift to electric models are fleets are renewed. Notes: Bubble sizes give an indication of the relevance of each measure within the country grouping (classified as high, moderate, low and very low). The classification is based on multiple factor...
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Global Energy Review 2026 Key findings
…growth and slower growth in energy-intensive industries in some regions, lower cooling demand, and faster efficiency improvements all contributed to slower demand growth.Solar PV, the largest single source of growth, met more than 25% of higher demand, followed by natural gas, which contributed 17%. This was the first time on record that a modern renewable source contributed the largest share of global energy demand growth. Demand for oil, natural gas and coal all grew in 2025, but at a slower rate than in 2024. Low-emissions sources combined – solar, wind, nuclear, hydropower and other renewables – contributed nearly 60%…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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Cost of Capital Observatory Dashboard
…continued to expand our coverage in terms of geographies and technologies. We focused on collecting data from the five key countries initially within the scope of the Observatory– Brazil, India, Indonesia, Mexico, and South Africa – but also conducted additional efforts to gather data on countries including Viet Nam, Senegal, Kenya, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand, although the data points for these countries were comparatively fewer. We also widened the scope to include utility-scale batteries, offshore wind and hydroelectricity power, in addition to solar PV and gas power projects. In the latest survey update in 2025 we asked for WACC…
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Summary
…of higher prices on households, businesses and the broader economy.The resumption of transit through the Strait of Hormuz is the single most important action to return to stable oil and gas flows and reduce the strains on markets and prices. In the interim, countries around the world are taking a range of measures to increase supply and to reduce the impact of sharp price rises on consumers. On the supply side, IEA member countries took a crucial step on 11 March by making 400 million barrels of oil from their emergency reserves available to the market, the largest stock release…
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World Energy Investment 2025 India
…levels. This is promoted in part by rules permitting 100% FDI across electricity generation sources (with the exception of nuclear) and transmission infrastructure. However, foreign portfolio investment in energy has declined in the past two years due to a range of macroeconomic and sectoral factors, even as the longer-term trend has been one of steady growth.India’s cost of capital for grid-scale renewable energy is one of the lowest among its emerging market and developing economy counterparts. However, it is still 80% higher than in advanced economies. Higher financing costs affect the financial viability of projects, leading…
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit: Case studies
The following case studies demonstrate how different countries have successfully implemented energy efficiency policies across various sectors. These real-world examples are designed to support policymakers by offering practical insights into what works, under which conditions, and why.Each case study highlights specific policy instruments—such as regulations, information campaigns, or financial incentives—and shows how they have been applied in different contexts. They provide evidence on the outcomes achieved, lessons learned, and the challenges encountered during implementation. Readers are encouraged to explore the case studies by sector, policy type, or geographic region using the filters provided. Case studies bridge…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Regional insights
…renewables in electricity generation. Energy trends in advanced economies are shaped by the structure of their economies, and by high average incomes and rates of vehicle and appliance ownership. Overall energy demand typically has peaked, although electricity use continues to increase, with electric vehicles and data centres adding to demand. Energy demand per capita is generally lower in emerging market and developing economies. Many of these countries are still developing their industries, some suffer from a lack of universal access to energy, and most have lower average incomes and levels of ownership of energy consuming equipment than advanced economies. However…
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Financing Clean Energy in Africa Executive summary
…in projects and companies at the necessary scale. The debt crisis in many parts of the continent means there is limited public capital available, including for state-owned utilities. Private capital therefore needs to play a key role, but many private investors are reluctant to enter African markets because of high perceived and actual risks. In more nascent markets, the regulatory environment is often not fully developed and may lead to contract instability and delays. In countries with rising debt, there are higher payment risks from state-owned utilities .And in fragile states, the political and reputational risks can be…
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 6. CNOOC investment in Guyana: Whiptail Oil Field
Project overview and impact Guyana has become a dynamic upstream oil market, transforming from a non-producer to an emerging oil exporter within the decade. Since the first discovery of oil in the Stabroek Block in 2015, six large-scale developments have been approved, turning the area into a central pillar of the country’s economic strategy. Production is expected to exceed 1.3 million barrels per day by 2027, making Guyana one of the largest per-capita oil producers globally. The government’s production sharing contract allocates 14.5% of total crude output to the state, with the remainder…
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Policy options to accelerate distributed solar PV in Ukraine
Accelerating distributed solar PV and battery energy storage deployment will support Ukraine in establishing energy security.In the year following the Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, available dispatchable power generation capacity halved from roughly 38 GW to 19 GW. After severe attacks in spring 2024, capacity declined further, down to 12 GW. Towards the end of 2024 Ukraine was able to restore 3 GW and has worked to restore and add additional capacity throughout 2025, despite ongoing attacks.Distributed solar PV has played a key role, providing cost effective and rapid increases in electricity generation capacity, contributing…
