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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit: Case studies
The following case studies demonstrate how different countries have successfully implemented energy efficiency policies across various sectors. These real-world examples are designed to support policymakers by offering practical insights into what works, under which conditions, and why.Each case study highlights specific policy instruments—such as regulations, information campaigns, or financial incentives—and shows how they have been applied in different contexts. They provide evidence on the outcomes achieved, lessons learned, and the challenges encountered during implementation. Readers are encouraged to explore the case studies by sector, policy type, or geographic region using the filters provided. Case studies bridge…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Macro drivers
…a country and regional level are based on the IMF World Economic Outlook (April 2025), with global GDP projected to grow by 3% annually over this period. After 2030, GDP growth assumptions are based on Oxford Economics forecasts and the application of the Solow growth model. The Solow model estimates future GDP on a country and regional basis by accounting for labour supply, capital stock, and total factor productivity (TFP). TFP growth reflects catch-up dynamics in lower income countries and convergence towards advanced economy levels. In GEC Model 2025 scenarios, the global economy is assumed to grow by 2.6%...
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Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic has adopted a law on incentives for the development of renewable energy sources, which aims to increase the diversity of energy sources, reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels and stimulate investment in renewable energy.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Financing Electricity Access in Africa Executive summary
Lack of capital presents a major impediment to universal electricity access Nearly two out of every five people in Africa – around 600 million in total – still live without access to electricity. Electrification has barely kept pace with population growth, leaving the continent far behind the targets set by African governments and the international community. Progress in reducing the absolute number of people without access has stalled in recent years, with the rate of improvement failing to fully recover to pre-pandemic levels. Fewer than 19 million people gained access in both 2023 and 2024, compared with 23 million in 2019…
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Appliances and Equipment
Standards and labelling can lift the average rate of energy efficiency improvement by two to three times
Based on global evidence from countries with Energy efficiency standards and labelling (EES&L) programmes, the average energy efficiency of new major appliances in these countries can increase two to three times the underlying rate of technology improvement. This can result in average energy reductions of 10-30% over 15 to 20 years in the stock of most regulated products across all countries.
In leading countries with strong regulations and long-running programmes which are regularly updated, the contribution could be much higher…
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Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan has one of the highest energy self-sufficiency ratios in the world as a major crude oil and natural gas producer. While the renewable sector has not seen as much attention, the government is now looking to stimulate investment and accelerate deployment, allowing for diversification of domestic energy consumption. In addition, the government is working on a new energy strategy that will set the stage for further policy shifts. Azerbaijan is part of the EU4Energy Programme, an initiative focused on evidence-based policymaking for the energy sector.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Georgia
…an energy sector based largely on hydropower and fuelwood, in addition to imports of fossil fuels. It is also an important transit country for the region, with major oil and gas pipelines running across Georgian territory. Efforts are required to improve energy efficiency and capitalise on the country’s renewable energy potential.
Georgia has made solid progress in the past decade, both in improving the security of its energy supply and in transitioning to a cleaner, more sustainable energy system. Although Georgia is still confronted with many challenges in its transition to a more secure, sustainable and affordable energy future…- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Brunei Darussalam
In 2014, Brunei adopted a strategic plan to achieve 10% share of renewables in the national energy mix by 2035. The plan provides the outline to introduce renewable energy policy and regulatory frameworks and to scale-up market deployment of solar PV.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Electricity 2026 Executive summary
…over the past decade. India and Southeast Asia’s share of electricity demand growth among emerging economies is forecast to rise substantially by 2030, driven by robust economic growth and rapidly rising demand for air conditioning, which is set to boost both annual consumption and peak loads.Electricity demand growth in advanced economies is accelerating again after 15 years of stagnation. This resurgence signals a new era in which electricity is a major energy input to some of the most dynamic drivers of global economies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), data centres and advanced manufacturing. In 2025, advanced economies accounted for…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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Energy Efficiency 2024 Executive summary
…energy efficiency improvements can deliver over 70% of the projected decline in oil demand and 50% of the reduction in gas demand by 2030. This oil demand reduction, which would be roughly equivalent to total oil use in China in 2024, comes in large part from technical efficiency gains, such as improving the fuel efficiency of vehicles, and electrification, including switching to EVs. The reduction in natural gas demand related to efficiency, which would be more than Europe’s total natural gas use in 2024, comes largely from measures such as insulating buildings and the electrification of heating.Accelerating energy…
