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Georgia
Georgia has developed an energy sector based largely on hydropower and fuelwood, in addition to imports of fossil fuels. It is also an important transit country for the region, with major oil and gas pipelines running across Georgian territory. Efforts are required to improve energy efficiency and capitalise on the country’s renewable energy potential.
Georgia has made solid progress in the past decade, both in improving the security of its energy supply and in transitioning to a cleaner, more sustainable energy system. Although Georgia is still confronted with many challenges in its transition to a more secure, sustainable and…- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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World Energy Investment 2025 United States
Energy investment policies in the United States reflect its prioritisation of energy security Energy investment in the United States reflects its prioritisation of energy security, with a subsequent strategic push to establish a presence in emerging value chains and to supply international markets. Since becoming a net energy exporter in 2019, a remarkable turnaround from its high previous reliance on imports, the country has continued to expand its global energy role. In 2024 it was the world’s largest producer of oil and gas (20% of global output), as well as a major investor (25% of total investment). This growth…
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Oil Market Report - January 2026
…increase of 3 mb/d in 2025. Non-OPEC+ accounts for 1.8 mb/d of the gains in 2025 and 1.3 mb/d in 2026.Global refinery crude throughputs surged by 2 mb/d to 85.7 mb/d in December, ahead of 1Q26 seasonal maintenance in the United States, Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Crude runs are forecast to average 84.6 mb/d for 2026, with annual growth of 770 kb/d slightly below 2025’s 930 kb/d pace. Refining margins slumped over the course of December, led by weaker profitability in Europe as…
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United Arab Emirates
The majority of the energy produced in the United Arab Emirates is from natural gas and oil. The country is also a major exporter of oil and gas and it started using its strong solar PV potential in 2014 to produce electricity.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 2. Southern power grid’s acquisition of Enel Peru distribution assets
Project overview and impact Latin America’s power systems face a growing need to modernise their electricity networks as clean energy deployment accelerates. While the region has seen a 25% increase in clean energy investment since 2015, grid spending has not kept pace, with less than USD 0.5 invested in networks and storage for every dollar spent on new generation. Strengthening distribution systems, especially in rapidly expanding urban areas, is essential to integrate more renewables. Peru is no exception. Although its electricity demand has grown steadily, network modernisation has lagged behind regional leaders, and the expansion of renewable capacity…
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Austria
Austria is committed to reaching climate neutrality by 2040. Over three quarter of electricity generation already comes from renewables, with a target of achieving a 100% renewable electricity supply by 2030 (national balance). This requires investments to make networks more resilient and flexible, optimise demand side management, and updating the legal and regulatory framework to allow more consumer participation. Buildings and transport account for around half of total emissions . To progress the transition in these sectors, the government supports building renovation, switching from fossil fuels to sustainable heating systems, the electrification of transport and invests in public transport infrastructure.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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Clean Energy Technology Supply Chain Data Executive summary
Energy security in the Age of Electricity is inextricably linked to securing the supply chains for clean energy technologies and the equipment and materials used to manufacture them. As countries continue to pursue energy transitions and make investments in the deployment and manufacturing of these technologies – guided by industrial strategies – a detailed understanding of their supply chains has an essential role to play.The availability of good-quality, timely data is crucial to understanding clean energy technology supply chains and addressing vulnerabilities. Risks to supply chains can arise from interdependencies across technologies and between geographies, among other factors. Today, the…
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Key Questions on Energy and AI Executive summary
The AI and energy nexus continues to evolve rapidly The largest technology companies are contributing to a surge in data centre investment, as their capital expenditure exceeded USD 400 billion in 2025 – and is expected to jump by another 75% in 2026. Capital expenditure of just five technology companies is now larger than global investment in oil and natural gas production. Many jurisdictions are seeing project pipelines accelerate dramatically, although not all projects will come to fruition. Those that are moving forward are doing so at pace: the IEA’s unique satellite-based tracking shows that “artificial intelligence (AI) factories…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Implications of CPS and STEPS
…of 8% per year, if no investment is made, so it does not take long for supply to tighten – especially with higher oil demand in the CPS. Around 20 million barrels per day (mb/d) of new supply from yet-to-be approved projects come through in the STEPS by 2035 to ensure a balance between supply and demand, and around 25 mb/d in the CPS. Emerging market and developing economies in Asia, including China, are the destination for nearly 60% of the oil and gas exported globally in 2035 in both scenarios, up from 45% today. The total fossil fuel…
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The Middle East and Global Energy Markets
The IEA is responding to the energy market impacts of the conflict in the Middle East and continues to closely monitor the latest developments.The disruption to oil and gas flows through the Strait of Hormuz and attacks on energy infrastructure across the region have major implications for energy security and affordability – and for the world economy. The IEA's Executive Director has said the combined impacts amount to "the greatest threat to global energy security in history." The war in the region that began on 28 February has impeded energy trade flows through the Strait, creating the largest supply disruption in…
