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Renewables 2025 Renewable transport
…stringent over the forecast period. Total biofuel demand in 2030 has been revised 10% upwards from our last forecast, largely reflecting increased transport fuel demand in the United States, Brazil, Indonesia and India. Sustainable aviation fuel consumption is expected to expand from 1 billion litres (0.04 EJ) in 2024 to 9 billion litres (0.31 EJ) in 2030, meeting 2% of total aviation fuel demand in the main case. Mandates in the European Union and United Kingdom, incentives in the United States and blending targets in Japan drive most of this growth. The forecast remains unchanged from last year, however…
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Energy Efficiency 2024 Does a heat pump work in a house with poor insulation?
…pumps provide energy savings compared to gas boilers, as the efficiency gains are so significant. Shifting from a 92% highly efficient gas boiler (minimum performance according to the current UK regulation) to a high efficiency air- or ground-source heat pump, using the United Kingdom as an example, results in 60-70% of energy savings for a solid walled house (with no insulation). Adding high levels of insulation along with the heat pump can lead to an impressive 90% reduction in annual energy demand for heating. Heat pumps can also lower energy bills, but this depends on the cost of…
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State of Energy Policy 2026 Government energy spending
…In contrast, the United Kingdom allocated an all-time high allocation to the Low Carbon Contracts Company, managing the contract-for-difference in the country, with USD 56 billion in 2025 alone.Since 2015, government spending in the buildings sector has grown sixfold to reach USD 56 billion in 2025, largely directed towards energy efficiency retrofits and space heating electrification. Key programmes include Italy’s Superbonus (USD 24 billion since 2021), the United States’ tax credits for residential energy efficiency property (USD 39 billion since 2015), Germany’s building efficiency and renewable energy programme (USD 56 billion since 2021) and China’s trade-in programme for appliances (USD 12…
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Oil use in industry
…staff, combined with the use of energy management information systems, is often the first step to identify these opportunities.Policy examples: There is experience dating back to the 1970s on how to encourage urgent energy savings in industry. Japan promoted quick energy management, such as cleaning, measuring, and minor repairs, while the United Kingdom recommended operational improvements, maintenance and monitoring. Meanwhile, the United States created Industrial Assessment Centers to help manufacturers cut back on energy costs through free energy audits. More recently, in 2022, the European Union’s REPowerEU Plan pushed to accelerate the adoption of efficiency measures in industry.
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Targeted consumer support to enhance energy affordability
…households by reducing their energy costs or giving them money to help pay for energy. Unlike universal subsidies which benefit everyone, targeted programmes focus only on vulnerable or eligible groups making assistance more efficient and reducing government spending.In response to the crisis in the Middle East, the United Kingdom has announced an allocation of GBP 53 million to support vulnerable heating oil customers and is committed to ensuring help reaches those who need it most. In 2022, learning from the Covid-19 crisis where universal payments led to increased energy consumption, Japan made targeted cash payments to 16 milli...
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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Electric vehicles
…In the United Kingdom, sales rose by over 25%. In Norway, battery electric cars reached a record 96% share of all car sales. Electric medium- and heavy- freight truck sales also started to pick up in Europe, increasing by around 40% and reaching a 3% market share in 2025. In the United States, electric car sales declined by 2%, largely the result of the elimination both of federal tax credits after September and of fines for not meeting fuel economy standards. Before the elimination of tax credits, sales in the United States reached an all-time high in the third…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Nuclear
…with total installed capacity in the country expected to reach 100 GW by around 2030. Among other emerging market and developing economies, Egypt, India and Türkiye each have around 5 GW under construction. In advanced economies, Japan, Korea and the United Kingdom each have two reactors under construction, while Slovakia has one; their combined capacity is 9.5 GW. Japan continues to restart reactors whose operations had been suspended.Nearly all nuclear reactors currently under construction are large scale, most with capacities above 1 000 MW. At the same time, China already operates one land-based small modular reactor (SMR)…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Heat pumps in Moldova
…Air-to-air heat pumps are common in the United States, Canada, the People’s Republic of China (hereafter “China”), Australia, Norway and Sweden, where they typically supply heating (and cooling) through ductwork or by installing multiple units in various rooms of a building.Air-to-water heat pumps – also known as hydronic heat pumps – use a water-based distribution system to provide warm water to radiators. These are most common in countries that historically have gas-based hydronic heating systems, such as Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, the United Kingdom as well as parts of France and Italy.Heat pumps…
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Financing the transition
…analysis. Policy options to finance heat pumps Governments can reduce the initial cost burden of heat pumps by providing subsidies, sometimes also referred to as “grants.” Upfront subsidies can take different forms: a flat-rate subsidy disperses a pre-defined lump sum, while a percentage-based subsidy reimburses a defined share of the total cost of the heat pump and its installation.The Boiler Upgrade Scheme in the United Kingdom is an example of the former. The programme offers GBP 7 500 to any homeowner who replaces their fossil fuel heating system with a heat pump. Germany has taken the latter approach…
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Renewables 2025 Biogases
…is on the rise in most European countries, with Germany (29% of EU production), France, Italy, Denmark and the Netherlands collectively accounting for 93% of EU production. The United Kingdom is also significant, with production equivalent to an additional 23% of the EU total.Several countries are working on their regulations to attract further investment. France’s new blending mandate for biomethane grid injection will be in force in 2026, while the Netherlands is developing one. Ireland has set a national blending mandate for heating.Use in the transport sector continues to grow, especially where targets are based on fuels…