-
United States
The United States introduced major energy and climate policy reforms which put the country on a path towards a clean, secure and affordable energy system for a net zero economy. The reforms aim to strengthen infrastructure deployment and resilience, include a major focus on clean energy manufacturing, improving diverse supply chains and affordability, enhancing equity and the creation of high-quality clean energy jobs.
The US plays a significant role in supporting international energy security as the world’s largest producer of oil and exporter of liquified natural gas. A wave of clean energy investment means the US is today…- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
-
+ 5 pages
![United States Flag]()
-
Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Southeast Asia’s energy challenges and emerging opportunities
…add to fiscal pressure without addressing underlying exposure. The region’s energy import bill could rise from over USD 80 billion in 2024 to around USD 245 billion by 2035; reaching announced climate pledges would cut the 2035 fossil fuel import bill to around half this level. Renewables, electrification and efficiency therefore offer long-term security as well as emissions benefits. Developing domestic oil and gas resources where geologically and economically viable, and enhancing the resilience of oil supply through diversification and refinery system flexibility also contribute region’s resilient energy system. Some countries turn to coal when gas prices…
-
Australia
…Net Zero emissions by 2050, while ensuring a just and inclusive energy transition through the guidance of the Net Zero Authority under the Prime Minister’s office. By 2030, the government aims to reach the clean electricity target of 82% of renewable energy. In addition to this target, Australia is implementing a new 2030 critical minerals strategy and gas market reforms to boost energy security during the transition. Flexibility, fuel availability and resilient infrastructure will become even more vital as Australia’s energy system incorporates very high shares of variable renewables and faces more frequent and more extreme weather events.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
-
+ 5 pages
![Australia Flag]()
-
The Future of Electricity in the Middle East and North Africa Executive summary
…region the third-largest contributor to global electricity demand growth after China and India. Looking ahead, demand is projected to rise by another 50% by 2035, adding the equivalent of the current demand of Germany and Spain combined – with significant implications for global energy markets. Cooling and desalination: Twin pillars of surging electricity demand growth The region’s climate, characterised by extreme heat and water scarcity, means that reliable and resilient electricity systems are vital to sustaining everyday life. Average temperatures in MENA are rising at more than twice the global rate, and summer temperatures regularly exceed 40 °C. Today…
-
Energy and AI AI for energy optimisation and innovation
AI can help optimise complex energy systems The energy system is complex and evolving. It is becoming increasingly electrified, digitalised, connected and decentralised, with mounting cost pressures. These drivers have encouraged energy companies to deploy applications that utilise artificial intelligence to optimise systems, improve production, reduce costs, raise efficiency, improve uptime, cut emissions and enhance safety. Many of the desired goals of AI’s application in the energy sector – such as cost reductions, enhanced reliability and improved resilience – are challenging to quantify at a broader sectoral level, beyond the confines of individual case studies. It is also challenging to predict…
-
Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Financing Energy Efficiency
…4 trillion in 2026, a 5% increase from 2025. Clean energy investment is projected to remain around USD 2.2 trillion, representing nearly two‑thirds of total energy spending and continuing to outpace fossil fuels. Investment in electricity systems such as grids, storage, and electrification, is increasingly driven by energy security concerns and rising electricity demand. Energy efficiency also remains essential to strengthening system resilience, reducing costs for consumers and businesses, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Accelerating the uptake of efficient technologies across buildings, industry, and transport is therefore critical to maximising the benefits of the global energy transition.Investment patterns, however, remain uneven…
-
Energy and AI AI and energy security
…organisations, obtain deeper access to target networks, and for malicious scripting and evasion techniques. In view of these evolving threats, the deployment of more proactive AI-enabled cybersecurity systems that are quick to respond to threats is critical for ensuring the resilience of the energy sector. Upskilling, threat mapping and expertise sharing will be essential for keeping the energy sector ahead of the curve The security of energy sector supply chains for AI Securing the supply of affordable and reliable power for data centres is at the heart of the challenge of energy for AI. In particular, the growing ex...
-
The State of Energy Innovation 2025 Executive summary
…range of technology options to address strategic goals for all parts of the energy system. However, technological progress to tackle existing challenges and unlock new industrial opportunities relies on well-functioning innovation ecosystems and cannot be taken for granted.This report provides a unique global review of progress and challenges in energy technology innovation. It follows the IEA’s first Energy Innovation Forum, which took place in 2024 alongside the IEA Ministerial. It is designed to inform the global energy innovation agenda at a time when energy innovation is increasingly at the core of countries’ competitiveness, security and resilience strategies…
-
Ukraine’s Energy Security A pre-winter assessment
…energy infrastructure continues to be targeted by Russian attacks. Ukraine’s natural gas and power infrastructure remain vulnerable, with an increasing number of missiles and drones striking critical plants and pipelines. At the same time, evolving tactics and technologies are present a persistent challenge for Ukraine’s air and passive defences.Energy security is central to Ukraine’s overall security. Ensuring that Ukrainian citizens retain access to heat and power is of the utmost importance, especially during the cold winter months. While Ukraine has made strong strides in rebuilding and strengthening the resilience of its energy system this past spring…
-
World Energy Outlook 2025 Overview and key findings
…version of the STEPS. In the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE Scenario), warming peaks around 2050 at about 1.65 °C and declines slowly after that, largely due to active measures to remove CO2 from the atmosphere. The resilience of energy infrastructure in the face of extreme weather and other hazards is becoming more critical. Electricity plays a growing role in meeting energy service demand in all scenarios, supplied with rising shares of generation from renewables. Peak electricity demand rises around 40% by 2035 in the STEPS, with similar trends in the other scenarios, largely due to increased…
