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Energy and AI Understanding the energy-AI nexus
…outlook for AI adoption. While AI related benchmarks have limitations that necessitate a cautious approach to assessing their implications, they offer a window into the evolving capabilities of AI models that can complement data on real-world deployment. In the energy sector, AI has numerous applications that can improve efficiency, reduce costs and drive innovation. Examples include faster, cheaper and more accurate weather forecasting for predicting the output of wind and solar PV plants, real-time monitoring and optimisation of transmission lines, and the use of AI to discover new battery chemistries.At the same time, AI is also energy…
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United Arab Emirates
The majority of the energy produced in the United Arab Emirates is from natural gas and oil. The country is also a major exporter of oil and gas and it started using its strong solar PV potential in 2014 to produce electricity.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Pakistan
In Pakistan, most of the primary energy supply comes from oil and natural gas. Hydropower is the main renewable source of energy in the country but wind and solar PV’s shares are slowly growing. More than 40 million people remain without access to electricity and half the population lack access to clean cooking facilities.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![Pakistan Flag]()
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Libya
In 2013, the Libyan government launched the Renewable Energy Strategic 2013-2025 Plan, which aims to achieve 7% renewable energy contribution to the electric energy mix by 2020 and 10% by 2025. This will come from wind, Concentrated Solar Power, solar PV and solar heat.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Global Energy and Climate Model Macro drivers
…entirely concentrated in urban areas. Only Africa is expected to experience an increase in the size of its rural population by the middle of the century, and even there it is dwarfed by a much larger increase in the urban population. Macroeconomic drivers Out to 2030, our GDP assumptions at a country and regional level are based on the IMF World Economic Outlook (April 2025), with global GDP projected to grow by 3% annually over this period. After 2030, GDP growth assumptions are based on Oxford Economics forecasts and the application of the Solow growth model. The Solow model estimates future…
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Transport
Introduction Private cars and vans were responsible for more than 25% of global oil use and around 10% of energy-related CO2-emissions in 2023. Doubling global annual energy intensity improvement by 2030 would require the efficiency of cars to improve by 5% each year. An integrated policy approach combining regulation, information and incentives is the most effective way to achieve this goal.Regulations such as fuel economy standards and heavy-duty vehicle standards encourage manufacturers to introduce more efficient vehicles, thereby significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Countries with regulations and/or efficiency-based purchase incentives in place improve efficiency…
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Oil 2025 Executive summary
Turbulent times in oil markets Heightened geopolitical risks, unresolved trade tensions, and policy shifts have added myriad uncertainties to the oil market outlook. Since the start of the year, major economic forecasters have cut their outlooks for world GDP growth in 2025 by roughly half a percentage point to around 2.8% and see a below-trend pace of about 3% annually for the remainder of the decade, with knock-on implications for oil demand. With conflicts in the Middle East region at risk of intensifying and trade negotiations ongoing, uncertainties surrounding our forecasts are substantial. At the same time…
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The Implications of Oil and Gas Field Decline Rates Executive summary
…of oil and natural gas tends to focus on the outlook for demand, with much less consideration given to how the supply picture could develop. This asymmetry is misplaced and a thorough understanding of the rate at which production from existing oil and gas fields declines over time is more important than ever. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has long examined this issue. Decline rates – the annual rate at which production declines from an existing oil or gas field – underpin our analysis of market balances and investment needs across all outlook scenarios.Nearly 90% of annual upstream oil and gas…
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Electricity 2026 Demand
…Amid robust growth, the next five years will add on average 50% more electricity demand per year than over the past decade. The brisk pace will be supported by growing industries, electric vehicles, space cooling, and data centres, among many other end uses. Electricity consumption is now projected to grow at least 2.5 times faster than overall energy demand, hastening the world’s transition to an electricity-based economy. In tandem, the relationship between electricity demand and economic growth is undergoing a paradigm shift. Traditionally, electricity use has closely tracked economic expansion, excluding periods of global financial crises. However…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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World Energy Investment 2025
…s World Energy Investment report, marks the 10th edition of this flagship analysis and provides a full update on the investment picture in 2024 and an initial reading of the emerging picture for 2025.The report provides a global benchmark for tracking capital flows in the energy sector and examines how investors are assessing risks and opportunities across all areas of fuel and electricity supply, critical minerals, efficiency, research and development and energy finance.The report highlights several key aspects of the current investment landscape in the context of recent policy and macroeconomic developments and a heightened focus on energy…
