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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 2. Southern power grid’s acquisition of Enel Peru distribution assets
…modernisation has lagged behind regional leaders, and the expansion of renewable capacity will require more robust and flexible distribution systems. Enel Distribución Perú, the country’s largest distributor, has played a central role in supplying Lima and Callao since the 1990s. When Enel announced in 2022 that it would divest from several international markets, including Peru, as part of a broader debt-reduction strategy, the sale opened an opportunity for a long-term investor with strong operational expertise.Against this backdrop, China Southern Power Grid International (CSGI) – a subsidiary of China Southern Power Grid (CSG), one of China’s two…
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Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa Clean cooking infrastructure
The right ingredients Extending access depends on new infrastructure, with differing requirements across technologies and regions. This chapter maps for the first time ever Africa’s existing clean cooking infrastructure, highlighting gaps and key considerations for expansion.Widening liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) distribution in sub-Saharan Africa requires the buildout of infrastructure. This includes additional primary storage – which is concentrated in oil producing states today – and improved port infrastructure, as 50% of LPG demand in the region is imported. On the distribution side, additional bottling facilities and specialised vehicles for safe transportation are required. With nearly 20 plants operating, cylinder manufacturing…
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Sheltering From Oil Shocks Infographic: Overview recommended measures
Infographic: Overview recommended measures
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What Next for the Global Car Industry The global car industry in context
…production in the European Union and Japan remained under pre-pandemic levels, due to lower domestic sales and exports.Exports from the four largest car-producing regions represent 20% of global car production. Electric cars now account for over 15% of global car trade, up from less than 4% in 2019. China overtook the European Union to become the world’s largest car exporter in 2024, exporting 20% of output, up from about 3% in 2019. The global market for cars amounts to around USD 2.9 trillion per year, making it one of the largest markets for a single product…
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Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa Implications and policy considerations
…and investments. Technical assistance and concessional finance can help, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises that play an important role expanding clean cooking where commercial players will not. At current prices, the cost of gaining clean cooking access would exceed 10% of household monthly income for nearly 600 million people in sub-Saharan Africa. Affordability varies significantly by fuel type, but financial incentives and business models that allow consumers to make purchases in small increments play an important role across all market segments. Some measures include value added tax (VAT) and import tariff exemptions for clean cooking stoves, fuels…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Electric vehicle charging
…at least 150 kW every 60 km along the TEN-T core road network by 2025. Each station must offer a minimum total power output of 400 kW, increasing to 600 kW by the end of 2027. In addition, roll-out of private charging at residential and commercial buildings is covered under the revised EU Energy Performance in Buildings Directive, which establishes criteria for pre-cabling to prevent the future need to retrofit parking infrastructure, which can be costly. The United States increased its charging stock by 20% in 2024 to just under 200 000 public charging points. The National EV Infrastructure Program…
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 5. Silk Road fund commitment in African Infrastructure Investment Fund IV
Project overview and impact Africa’s energy sector faces a persistent investment shortfall, with annual clean energy spending needing to grow more than six times by 2035 to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Equity funds have become an important channel for mobilising capital into markets where project-level financing remains constrained by high costs of capital, currency risk and a shortage of scalable, investable project structures. Against this backdrop, the Silk Road Fund (SRF) committed USD 50 million to the African Infrastructure Investment Fund IV (AIIF4) in 2023. The AIIF4 is a pan-African infrastructure fund managed by African…
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Rare Earth Elements Illustrative mine-to-magnet value chain
Illustrative mine-to-magnet value chain
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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Heat pumps
Global heat pump sales fell by about 2% in 2025. Sales in China and Japan were largely flat, while Europe saw a strong return of demand. Sales in the United States declined.In China, heat pump sales stayed broadly stable. Reversible air conditioners (used as primary heating equipment) make up about half the Chinese heat pump market, and while record-breaking sales of air conditioners supported strong demand in the first half the year, they fell sharply in the second half. Sales of air-to-water and hot water heat pumps, which make up the remainder of the market, remained…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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