-
World Energy Outlook 2025 Overview and key findings
…largely due to increased demand for cooling. Data centres and AI account for less than 10% of global growth in electricity demand, but this is a larger factor in the United States where a large share of new data centres are located. Today, around 730 million people still live without electricity, and nearly 2 billion rely on polluting cooking methods. As things stand, the world is not on track to close this huge gap in the provision of modern energy. Our new analysis draws on lessons from countries that have achieved rapid progress and outlines a new pathway to universal…
-
Colombia 2023 Executive summary
…s electricity mix.At COP26, Colombia presented a net zero target and an ambitious Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), aiming at a 51% reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030. These ambitions are reflected in the long-term strategy, the E2050 Strategy, the Energy Transition Law and the Climate Action Law. To implement its targets, Colombia uses a robust system of climate change management plans across government with targets assigned to each sector, including for energy (PIGCCme). The Energy Transition Law expanded policy actions and tax benefits to energy efficiency and low-carbon energy technologies, including geothermal, carbon capture and storage…
-
Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions Introduction
In addition to reducing emissions, clean energy transitions present unique opportunities to create socio-economic benefits (e.g. new decent jobs, reduced energy poverty and improved air quality). Tracking these benefits can help highlight and communicate the positive effects of clean energy transitions across different population groups. This year, the South African G20 Presidency and Brazilian COP30 Presidency have prioritised just and inclusive energy transitions and this Indicators Handbook has been developed to support and promote these efforts.The Indicators Handbook is based on the voluntary G20 Principles for Just and Inclusive Transitions, endorsed by G20 leaders in November 2024…
-
Energy Efficiency 2024 Does a heat pump work in a house with poor insulation?
…save energy As well as reducing CO2 emissions, a heat pump can use three to five times less energy than an efficient gas boiler. However, an often-heard argument when considering replacing a gas boiler is that the house needs to be well-insulated for the heat pump to work. Heat pumps do work best in a well-insulated house because their heat output is at a lower temperature than a traditional boiler, and they perform best when providing a consistent heat output with minimal heat losses. If a house loses a lot of heat through the fabric or air…
-
Energy Technology Perspectives 2026 Executive summary
…the IEA’s flagship technology publication Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP) aims to separate the signal from the noise, by providing timely data, scenarios and analysis across deployment, manufacturing, trade, competitiveness and security. At a time when misjudging the moment risks wasting capital or stalling momentum, this report has been designed to help decision makers navigate uncertainties.Deployment of clean energy technologies rises in all IEA scenarios, but the extent to which the market value grows will depend on policy direction. The combined global market value for clean energy technologies has grown 20% on average per year over the past decade…
-
Global Energy Review 2026 Electricity demand
…6%, India’s electricity consumption rose by only 1.4% in 2025. Although underlying drivers supported a strong 5.8% increase during the first four months of the year, the unusually early and intense monsoon brought cooler weather and heavier rainfall, reducing the need for air conditioning and water pumping for agriculture. Cooling degree days were around 10% lower than in 2024, with a particularly sharp drop in June, a month that in recent years has typically made up a larger share of India’s electricity demand.Southeast Asia was also affected by milder weather conditions compared with 2024, and…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
-
+ 9 pages
-
Global Energy and Climate Model Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS)
…are achieved. It is grounded in what policies are actually in place or planned across different sectors of the energy economy.This does not make the STEPS a forecast – as said on many occasions, the IEA does not have a long-term forecast. Policies and circumstances will undoubtedly change, and we do not seek to anticipate or predict those changes. The aim of this scenario is simply to provide a coherent, rigorous, data-driven framework for assessing how the energy sector might evolve, to better inform the important decisions that are being taken today.The methodology for the STEPS has…
-
World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for electricity
…demand. In China, air conditioner ownership expands by around 40% from current levels in the STEPS and APS by 2030. Electricity provides a rising share of total final energy consumption in all economies. Global electricity demand in 2050 is over 75% higher in the STEPS than it is today, 120% higher in the APS and 150% higher in the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario.Recently, coal use in the electricity sector has seen an uptick in many countries in response to strong demand, high natural gas prices and energy security concerns, but this is expected to be temporary…
-
Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2024 Executive summary
…air pollution linked to the use of polluting fuels for cooking. The region also faces risks from extreme weather, including a crippling heat wave in 2024 and heightened flood risks around rivers and coastal areas.Fossil fuels – led by coal – have met nearly 80% of Southeast Asia’s rising energy demand since 2010. Today, oil and coal each make up over a quarter of the region’s energy demand, with natural gas contributing around one-fifth. In 2023, coal generated half of the region’s electricity, accounting for 80% of power sector emissions, while also meeting 30% of industrial energy…
-
World Energy Investment 2025 Executive summary
…challenge China’s position in emerging clean technology supply chains. Emissions reductions provide a powerful reason to invest, but are often not the primary driver for investment in technologies that are increasingly mature and cost-competitive. Investment trends are being shaped by the onset of the ‘Age of Electricity’ and the rapid rise in electricity demand for industry, cooling, electric mobility, data centres and artificial intelligence (AI). Ten years ago, investments in fossil fuel supply were 30% higher than those for electricity generation, grids and storage. Today, these positions are reversed. Investment in the electricity sector is set to reach…
