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Financing CCUS at Scale Executive summary
The current wave of investment in carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) is larger and more geographically diverse than ever before. Momentum in private capital flowing into projects is reflected in the more than 30 final investment decisions (FIDs) that have been reached in the past 2 years alone, particularly in Europe and North America, and in key sectors including transport and storage, industry, and power. Investment has grown more than 15-fold since 2020, reaching over USD 5 billion in 2025. The pipeline of projects currently under construction suggests that after years of incremental capacity additions, operational capture capacity is set…
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Regulating the sector
…essential for driving the retrofitting of older buildings with cleaner heating systems – and for ensuring progress in both rural and urban communities.Moldova has transposed the European Union’s Energy Performance in Buildings Directive (EPBD) into its law 282/2023. This was a key step towards ensuring improvements to building performance going forward. However, the EPBD was revised in 2024 and now contains important updates that are not yet reflected in Moldova’s law. Changes relevant to heat pumps include an updated standard for zero-emissions buildings; improved energy performance certificates; minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) for non-residential buildings…
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Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap Unlocking the opportunity - A roadmap for action
Highlights Hydrogen represents a long-term opportunity for Ukraine, but action is required in the near term to unlock the full benefits. Work over the first 2-3 years after the war ends can lay the foundations for future market growth without large commitments, such as through studies, planning for regulation and de-risking. In a second stage (5 years) pilot projects would be built to develop experience in the private sector and inform policy. A final stage (10-20 years) would incorporate lessons learnt, with a focus on standardisation, replication and simplification to support large-scale deployment. Each stage…
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Financing Electricity Access in Africa Executive summary
…barely kept pace with population growth, leaving the continent far behind the targets set by African governments and the international community. Progress in reducing the absolute number of people without access has stalled in recent years, with the rate of improvement failing to fully recover to pre-pandemic levels. Fewer than 19 million people gained access in both 2023 and 2024, compared with 23 million in 2019.Even when connections are available, high costs often place electricity out of reach for low-income households. A cost-effective mix of grid expansion and decentralised solutions, such as mini-grids and stand…
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Broader view on energy-related strategic minerals: What risks to anticipate?
…a broad array of industrial and technological applications. From AI and robotics to high-performance materials and aerospace, these minerals’ contribution to industrial and technological development is increasing, with broad economic implications. The range of strategic materials with significant implications for the energy sector should not be underestimated. Superalloys – which require a diverse array of input metals – illustrate this: approximately two-thirds of global demand originates from the aerospace industry, primarily for use in aircraft engines, but the energy sector also represents a major source of demand, particularly for industrial gas turbines. Similarly, the chips and solar PV industries often…
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Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Conclusion and lessons learned
…the global gas market finds itself with fewer tools to recover quickly from sudden or unexpected shifts in fundamentals.At the heart of the crisis, governments implemented measures that were key in supporting alternative or existing supply-side flexibility tools, including minimum storage obligations in the European Union and the Strategic Buffer LNG scheme in Japan. Flexibility levers such as these, while not intended to replace lost forms of swing production, aim to improve market resilience in case of supply shocks. Further developing such options and mechanism will be key in safeguarding flexibility in the global gas and LNG market…
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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Overcoming barriers to abatement
There are gaps in financing, data and capacity Tackling methane emissions from fossil fuel operations represents one of the fastest and lowest-cost opportunities to reduce greenhouse emissions globally. Almost all the available methane abatement measures across the energy sector would be cost-effective to deploy in the presence of a greenhouse gas emissions price of about USD 20/tCO2‑eq. Several factors explain why methane emission reduction measures have not been deployed more widely. For example, companies could be unaware of the scale of the problem or the available solutions. There may be higher-profile opportunities competing for investment resources, or…
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Stepping Up the Value Chain in Africa Executive summary
…of which exceeded USD 230 billion in 2024. Nascent markets for low-emissions materials and chemicals like steel, aluminium and ammonia could see steep growth rates in the future, depending on how quickly related technologies and supply chains develop over the coming years.The economic rewards associated with these supply chains are – as yet – distributed very unevenly between countries. Africa as a whole currently captures less than 1% of the value generated from the manufacturing of clean energy technologies and their components. This is despite supplying large shares of the global demand for key unprocessed critical minerals – around 75% of global manganese…
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap A pathway for heat pumps
Heat pumps can strengthen Moldova’s energy security, independence, air pollution and emissions, and even improve energy affordability. Given the regional turmoil – notably in the energy sector – over the past three years and into early 2025, there is a compelling case for reducing natural gas consumption by deploying heat pumps. While Moldova is only beginning to realise its heat pump potential, this presents a significant opportunity to design the system effectively – by stimulating demand, expanding supply, financing the transition and establishing clear regulations. A comprehensive approach will help to ensure a steady and orderly deployment. The following table recommends specific…
