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Electricity 2026 Executive summary
Electricity demand is set to grow strongly through 2030 as the Age of Electricity takes hold Global electricity demand is forecast to increase at a brisk average annual rate of 3.6% over the 2026-2030 forecast period, supported by rising consumption from industry, electric vehicles, air conditioning and data centres. Worldwide electricity demand grew by 3% year-on-year in 2025. This followed growth of 4.4% in 2024, when intense heat waves and strong industrial activity in many regions boosted electricity use. Looking ahead, annual demand growth over the next five years is set to be 50% higher…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Key questions about hydrogen
How has the conflict in the Middle East affected supplies of fertilisers and chemicals made from hydrogen? The conflict in the Middle East has disrupted not only oil and gas flows, but also global supply chains for hydrogen‑based products, particularly fertilisers and chemicals such as ammonia, urea and methanol. These products account for a large share of hydrogen demand, with ammonia and methanol alone representing roughly half of global consumption.The Middle East plays a critical role in global markets for hydrogen-based products, and a large share of its production is dedicated to exports, making the region a major…
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Stepping Up the Value Chain in Africa Executive summary
…that can enable economic growth and job creation, as well as supporting domestic efforts to expand access to affordable energy, digitalise, and diversify their economies. This report explores three key elements of these opportunities on the African continent: critical minerals beneficiation; production of low-emissions, energy-intensive commodities; and clean energy technology manufacturing. From extraction to beneficiation of critical minerals Africa is already a major supplier to the global market for many minerals such as cobalt, manganese, bauxite and platinum‐group metals, but also holds substantial untapped resources such as graphite and lithium. As global demand for critical minerals rises…
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Building the market
This chapter focuses on driving consumer and industrial demand for heat pumps while building a base of manufacturers and installers. It discusses energy pricing, including taxes and levies on electricity and gas, carbon pricing and other types of instruments to encourage the deployment of heat pumps in Moldova. Communication A main barrier identified during stakeholder consultations for this study was a lack of consumer knowledge and experience with heat pumps. This is an issue that should be addressed upfront, as it can result in uncertainty about the operation of heat pumps and spreading of misinformation about their applications or limits…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Hydrogen
…which is critical to minimise market fragmentation and ensure that trade is not limited to bilateral agreements.Referring to the emissions intensity of hydrogen in regulations can support a technology-neutral approach.Quantitative indicators for successNumber of countries with rules on emissions thresholds for hydrogen production using methodologies consistent with ISO standards.Share of global hydrogen production located in countries with rules on emissions thresholds for hydrogen production using methodologies consistent with ISO standards.Qualitative examples of collaborationThe IEA Hydrogen Technology Collaboration Programme (TCP) “Task” for the Certification of Hydrogen and Derivatives is developing a technical mutual recognition framework for…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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+ 4 pages
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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Overcoming barriers to abatement
…projects or struggle to access the necessary technology.Several initiatives have emerged to help bridge these gaps. They support methane cuts through the sharing of best practices, building capacity or providing financial support and other forms of assistance. The IEA is engaged or affiliated with many of these efforts, which include:UNEP’s International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO), which delivers training and technical guidance to governments and companies looking to reduce methane emissions from the oil and gas sector. The IMEO also conducts scientific studies and analysis with data provided through an online portal.OGMP 2.0, which provides a reporting framework f...
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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Policies
…the GMP, bringing the total number of participating countries to 159 (plus the European Union). The GMP now covers more than 50% of global methane emissions from human activity. Yet while membership in the GMP continues to grow, most signatories have yet to take concrete action. Existing high-level pledges on methane would suggest a reduction of approximately 55% in oil and gas methane emissions by 2030. However, implementation is still lacking: detailed methane policies and regulations would cut emissions by only around 25% by 2030. Commitments to cut methane emissions from the coal sector are more limited, with an…
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India Bioenergy Market Report Executive summary
Bioenergy is particularly important for India’s rapidly growing energy market. It can strengthen energy security, reduce reliance on imported fossil fuels, create economic development and employment opportunities - especially in rural communities - and contribute to lowering greenhouse gas emissions. These benefits align closely with national energy and climate objectives, enabling India to leverage its domestic resources to support cleaner energy growth. India’s abundant agricultural residues and organic waste provide a strong resource base for modern bioenergy production.India’s ethanol industry has emerged as one of the country’s most successful policy-driven energy stories. Backed by a suite…
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Demand and Supply Measures for the Steel and Cement Transition Executive summary
The seeds for producing and using near-zero emissions materials have been planted, but acceleration is needed The industry sector requires a massive scale-up of markets for transformative near-zero emissions materials to contribute to the achievement of internationally-agreed government objectives for net zero emissions. Such scale-up requires the production and use of these materials to grow from essentially zero today to capture nearly the entire market within the next few decades, shifting away from high-emissions conventional production and demand. The steel and cement sectors account for 14% of global energy and process-related emissions on…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Electric vehicle batteries
…accounted for about 8% of global EV battery deployment in 2025, up from less than 5% in 2024.Regionally, EV battery deployment expanded in China (60% of global) and the European Union (almost 15%) in 2025, while it stagnated in the United States (10%). Growth in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) other than China also continued – they represented 6% of global EV battery deployment in 2025, highlighting the increasingly global nature of road transport electrification.In 2025, the average battery size of battery electric cars remained broadly stable in the European Union and China, at close to 70 kWh and below 60 kWh, respectively…
