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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Supply
Regardless of mixed regional trends in 2024, coal supply reached an unprecedented level Global coal production reached a record 9.15 Bt in 2024, driven primarily by strong output in China, India and Indonesia. Domestic coal is the largest source of energy supply in both China and India making coal production central to their energy security strategies. After shortages in 2021, both countries boosted production, a push that lasted a few years to reach an all-time high in 2024. China remained the largest producer, maintaining output at 4 666 Mt. Although Shanxi, traditionally the largest coal producing province, reduced production by…
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Russia's War on Ukraine
The new energy world The global energy landscape has changed dramatically The energy sector continues to feel the effects of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which in February 2022 sparked the first truly global energy crisis. Two years on, energy prices have pulled back from record highs, but trends vary widely among regions. In many parts of the world, prices are still elevated – holding back economic growth, straining the finances of households and businesses, and complicating efforts to improve access to electricity. Energy markets, faced with an unusually high degree of geopolitical uncertainty, remain on edge.In Ukraine, the energy sector…
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Renewables 2025 Renewable heat
Heat accounted for almost half of total final energy consumption and 37% of energy-related CO2 emissions in 2024 Annual heat consumption expanded by 6% globally over 2018-2024. Renewable energy, excluding traditional uses of biomass, met only half of this increase, with its share in global heat consumption rising to 14% in 2024. Nearly 80% of global growth in renewable heat use was in the form of bioenergy (especially in industry) and renewable electricity (mainly in buildings).Industry sector renewable heat use grew the most in China over the last six years, driven by the expansion of industries such…
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Pierpaolo Cazzola
Former Senior Energy and Transport analyst.
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Estonian low carbon strategy until 2050, officially named "General Principles of Climate Policy until 2050"
…cost-efficient reduction of GHG emissions while continuing the use of market based mechanisms.
Ensuring energy security and security of supply with a gradual wider exploitation of domestic renewable energy sources in all sectors of final consumption with a view to increase the welfare of the society.
Facilitating a well-functioning transportation system and reducing forced traffic through the integration of the planning of settlements and transportation and the design and implementation of mobility plans.
Influencing the purchase of economical vehicles and sustainable alternative fuels through investments and tax policies of the public sector.
Prioritising the development of public transportation… -
Memorandum on Presidential Determination Pursuant to Section 303 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended
…there is no specific list of minerals given in this presidential determination, the term that is used by president Biden is “strategic and critical minerals.” Examples include lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and manganese. The scope of this presidential determination includes the production of large-capacity batteries for the automotive, e-mobility and stationary storage sectors. The determination is to be executed by projects to create, maintain, protect, expand or restore domestic production capabilities. The President accordingly directs the Secretary of Defense to:Support feasibility studies for mature mining, beneficiation and value-added processing projectsWork on by-product and co-product…
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Horizon Europe Strategic Plan (2021 – 2024)
…and cluster 5: “Climate, Energy and Mobility”.Cluster 4 aims to support the development of future digital key technologies. It aims to increase adaptability and resilience of EU industries in all sectors. Investments under this cluster aim to help the EU seize opportunities in key parts of the digital supply chain, consolidate EU assets (e.g., embedded systems, telecommunications, industrial technologies), and develop missing segments in strategic value chains, including the secure, sustainable, and responsible sourcing of raw materials and critical raw materials.Cluster 5 aims to support the green transition in the energy and mobility sector. Under this cluster…
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US POWER initiative
…each year. POWER investment priorities areas include: building a competitive workforce, fostering entrepreneurial activities, developing industry clusters in communities, and broadband. Within the workforce development area, training projects are expected to focus on the upward mobility for participants through upskilling, retooling and establishing distinct career pathways. Workforce projects should also strive increase labour participation rates by targeting both underemployed workers as well as by recruiting and training people who have left the workforce. Since 2015, under the POWER Initiative, ARC has invested over USD 319.3 million in 395 projects in 358 coal-dependent counties throughout the Appalachian region. Those…
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Circular Economy Action Plan
…materials: the public inventory will be accessible to companies willing to use these materials for their production processes.- Approval of a roadmap for the sustainable management of mineral raw materials: the objective is to promote the reuse and recycling and support the circular economy as the default option for the supply of production processes. By fostering the use of domestic resources, this initiative should also help to decrease the country's dependence on imports.- Ecomilla project: creation of sustainable urban mobility zones around railway stations, in which energy efficient and low-carbon transport solutions are promoted, such as electric cars…
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Raw materials strategy of the Federal Government: Securing a sustainable supply of non-energy mineral raw materials for Germany
…These measures are grouped in four sections: raw material sources; material and resource efficiency; sustainability and transparency and international cooperation. Several measures are relevant to critical minerals supply, including the ones listed below.Measure 3 indicates the German government will support initiatives from the European Commission to increase the primary extraction of metals needed for e-mobility and the energy transition, such as copper, lithium and nickel, in EU member states. It will also consider how to provide companies with financial support for feasibility studies that assess better environmental- and climate-practices in raw material supply. Measure 9 references a…