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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Solar PV and wind
…to rush solar PV installations in the first half of the year, followed by a slowdown in the second half. In contrast, wind installations continued to accelerate in the latter half of 2025 as large-scale “mega‑base” projects outside the auction scheme were completed. In 2025, the European Union added nearly 85 GW of new renewable capacity, a record high and about 10% more than in 2024. Solar PV led the way with almost 70 GW installed. Germany added 17 GW, accounting for one‑quarter of total EU solar PV additions. Spain hit a record 14 GW of solar PV additions…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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Kenya 2024 Executive summary
…rate of access to electricity among its population, putting the country on track to reach universal access to electricity by 2030. Kenya has set an ambitious target in its Vision 2030 of becoming a newly industrialising middle-income country with a high quality of life by 2030. A strong emphasis is put on infrastructure development, including for energy. Kenya’s high renewable energy potential and skilled workforce position the country well for sustainable energy development.Bioenergy, mainly traditional biomass used for cooking, accounts for nearly two‑thirds of total energy supply. Geothermal, solar, wind and hydropower are increasingly prominent in the…
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Portugal 2026 Policy recommendations for Portugal
…support timely and cost effective emissions reductionsPortugal has established a clear long-term direction for its energy transition through the Roadmap for Carbon Neutrality 2050, the Basic Climate Law, and the National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2030. The NECP commits to reducing GHG emissions by 55% by 2030 (vs. 2005 levels) and achieving climate neutrality by 2045. Strong progress has been made, with emissions down 43% in 2024, driven mainly by decarbonisation of electricity supply. Portugal is now entering a mid-transition, in which further progress will depend increasingly on end-use sector decarbonisation, where emissions remain high and structural…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Outlook for energy demand
Electricity demand Electric vehicles could account for more than 4% of European electricity demand by 2030 In 2024, the global fleet of EVs consumed around 180 TWh of electricity, almost 60% more than the previous year. To put this in perspective, 180 TWh is more than the annual electricity consumption of Argentina. At the global level, EVs represented about 0.7% of final electricity consumption in 2024.The stock of EVs is set to more than triple to 2030, but electricity demand could increase more than fourfold, reaching 780 TWh in the STEPS. This is driven by increasing consumption from electric trucks, as…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Policy and strategic actions
…as well as a source of revenue from ICE vehicle sales as electric car markets ramp up. However, there will also be new opportunities for countries with fast-growing car markets, low energy costs and access to critical minerals. In all cases, it will not be possible in the medium term to stay competitive in a dynamic global market without effective international partnerships.Decisions about the future of the car industry must be responsive to fast-evolving conditions, which is a challenge in a sector where it takes years from the initial design of a new car model to its…
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Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap Financing the transition
…its installation.The Boiler Upgrade Scheme in the United Kingdom is an example of the former. The programme offers GBP 7 500 to any homeowner who replaces their fossil fuel heating system with a heat pump. Germany has taken the latter approach, with a subsidy that covers up to 70% of the heat pump installation costs.Flat-rate subsidies also can be based on household income. This is the case in France, where a grant programme, MaPrimeRénov, subsidises low-income households significantly more than the highest earners. This has the advantage of prioritising funding for those with the least means to afford…
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2024 Executive summary
…air pollution and 240 000 from indoor air pollution linked to the use of polluting fuels for cooking. The region also faces risks from extreme weather, including a crippling heat wave in 2024 and heightened flood risks around rivers and coastal areas.Fossil fuels – led by coal – have met nearly 80% of Southeast Asia’s rising energy demand since 2010. Today, oil and coal each make up over a quarter of the region’s energy demand, with natural gas contributing around one-fifth. In 2023, coal generated half of the region’s electricity, accounting for 80% of power sector emissions…
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Stepping Up the Value Chain in Africa Executive summary
…nickel, cobalt, graphite, and rare earth elements – the combined market value of which exceeded USD 230 billion in 2024. Nascent markets for low-emissions materials and chemicals like steel, aluminium and ammonia could see steep growth rates in the future, depending on how quickly related technologies and supply chains develop over the coming years.The economic rewards associated with these supply chains are – as yet – distributed very unevenly between countries. Africa as a whole currently captures less than 1% of the value generated from the manufacturing of clean energy technologies and their components. This is despite supplying large shares of the global…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Current Policies Scenario
…further 40 million km to 2050. Annual global energy-related CO2 emissions rise slightly from current levels and approach 40 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide per year in the early 2030s, remaining around this level through to 2050. Emissions fall in aggregate in advanced economies, most substantially in Europe, and decline in China from 2030 onwards, but they increase elsewhere. Total greenhouse gas emissions lead to a global average surface temperature rise of around 2 °C in 2050 and 2.9 °C in 2100. Oil and gas demand do not peak Several regions see a slowdown in energy intensity reductions and renewable energy growth Established produ...
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Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit Buildings
…Doubling the global annual energy intensity improvement by 2030 would require buildings to become more efficient rapidly. An integrated policy approach combining regulation, information and incentives is the most effective way to achieve this goal. Regulatory standards such as building energy codes are among the most effective policies to not only boost energy performance and reduce emissions, but also to improve occupants' health, comfort and productivity – while enhancing climate resilience and mitigating energy price fluctuations. Buildings built after a code is introduced can use up to 50% less energy.Information instruments such as energy performance certificates provide transparency about a…
