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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Cost acceptability
…i.e. the maximum amount that can be spent on the hydrogen feedstock within a low-emissions pathway while maintaining the same total levelised cost of production as the incumbent pathway to produce the same commodity.This can enable policy makers and investors to identify sectors with both high maximum acceptable hydrogen costs and high potential volumes that can serve as lead markets for low-emissions hydrogen. Cost acceptability can be influenced by policies and depends on technologies, fuels and cost structure.The factors with the most influence on the maximum acceptable hydrogen cost are energy and carbon prices. Applications…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Techno-economic inputs
…the GEC Model 2025 can be downloaded here.In particular more details regarding power generation technology costs for the Current Policies Scenario, the Stated Policies Scenario and the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario can be downloaded in excel format, including detailed projections at the 2050 horizon regarding overnight capital costs, annual O&M costs, efficiencies and other contributors to electricity costs at regional and country-level for over 25 power plant types. Fossil fuel resources The GEC supply modelling relies on estimates of the remaining technically recoverable resource, rather than the (often more widely quoted) numbers for proven reserves…
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Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap Policy recommendations for the coming 2-3 years
Prioritise deployment of renewables to boost energy security and create an enabling environment for future hydrogen development Ukraine currently lacks adequate power generation capacity and restoring energy security must be a priority. Any activity focused on accelerating deployment of renewables will have positive spillover effects for hydrogen, by building experience across the workforce and companies and helping to build confidence among potential investors. This will also indirectly reduce the cost of capital by reducing the uncertainties related with renewable electricity generation. Similarly, any efforts related to permitting and administrative processes for renewables can also support the creation of standardised processes…
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Energy and AI AI and climate change
…therefore lowering related emissions; for example, improving the fuel mix for cement production can improve energy efficiency by more than 2%.Transport emissions reductions through more efficient vehicle operations and utilisation; for example, improved route choice or driving characteristics lead to efficiency gains of 5-10% and hence reduce emissions.Buildings emissions reductions by optimising energy consumption in buildings equipped with management systems; for example, an optimised heating, ventilation and air conditioning control can save around 10% in energy consumption.The adoption of existing AI applications in end-use sectors could lead to 1 400 Mt of CO2 emissions reductions in…
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Brazil 2025 Policy recommendations for Brazil
…4. Implement whole-of-government energy transition workforce mapping and planning to ensure opportunities in local communities are optimised.15. Integrate electricity into the portfolio of options for clean cooking access for families. Investment and financing 6. Pursue the intended establishment of a carbon pricing instrument to orient investment while using revenues to mitigate adverse impacts on low-income groups and maintain competitiveness. 7. Establish a national investment fund to direct a fixed share of the government oil revenues to finance the energy transition, including plans to move up the value chain in new industries. End-use sectors 8. Implement…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Executive summary
…efforts to reduce emissions, yet climate risks are rising. 2024 was the hottest year on record and the first in which global temperatures exceeded 1.5 degrees Celsius (°C) above pre-industrial levels. At the same time, the world remains thirsty for energy. New technologies are entering the system at speed, and renewables set new records for deployment in 2024 for the 23rd consecutive year. Oil, natural gas and coal consumption, and nuclear output, all reached record highs as well. Driven mainly by China, since 2019 demand for coal has grown 50% faster than the next fastest growing fossil fuel…
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Scaling Up Transition Finance Financial institutions and transition finance
…addressed: “left-out” actors (e.g. small and medium enterprises and capacity-constrained firms) that need supportive access, and “opt-out” actors with capacity but limited incentives to participate. Equivalence across taxonomies and recognition of transition finance’s contribution, rather than a narrow, near-term focus on financed emissions, are essential to unlock capital.The distinguishing “transition” characteristic hinges on strategies and robust follow-up. Sector-appropriate key performance indicators, retrofit-ready design and periodic reviews maintain integrity as technologies and policies evolve. A two-speed approach can balance rigour with inclusion, offering high-quality detail for large issuers and…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Announced Pledges Scenario (APS)
…APS), introduced in 2021, illustrates the extent to which announced ambitions and targets can deliver the emissions reductions needed to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. In the WEO-2024, the APS includes all recent major national announcements as of the end of August 2024, both 2030 targets and longer-term net zero or carbon neutrality pledges, regardless of whether these announcements have been anchored in legislation or in updated Nationally Determined Contributions. In the APS, countries implement their national targets in full and on time. The outlook for exporters of fossil fuels and low-emissions fuels, such as hydrogen, is…
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Key findings
…time to deploy the equipment and infrastructure needed to achieve cuts of this magnitude. But in the immediate future, if countries with spare export capacity and gas importers were to implement abatement measures across their upstream and downstream operations, we estimate that nearly 15 bcm could be made available in a sufficiently short period of time to provide some relief to gas markets. Around 70% of fossil-fuel methane emissions come from the top 10 emitting countries The availability, quality and reporting of methane emissions data have increased significantly in recent years but remains very uneven between countries. While uncertainty rema...
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Renewables 2025 Renewable electricity
Renewable electricity additions for 2025-2030 total 4 600 GW – equal to the combined installed power capacity of China, the European Union and Japan Globally, renewable power capacity is projected to increase almost 4 600 GW between 2025 and 2030 – double the deployment of the previous five years (2019-2024). Growth in utility-scale and distributed solar PV more than doubles, representing nearly 80% of worldwide renewable electricity capacity expansion. Low module costs, relatively efficient permitting processes and broad social acceptance drive the acceleration in solar PV adoption.Distributed solar PV applications (residential, commercial, industrial and off-grid projects) account for 42…
