-
Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Policy response to the crisis
As markets reeled from the drastic reduction in Russian pipeline gas supply to Europe and as global trade and demand patterns shifted, governments did not remain idle. Faced with the spectre of supply shortages, worsening current accounts, and inflation pressure linked to energy imports and rising energy prices for citizens and businesses alike, governments across the main LNG-importing regions rapidly implemented policy and market measures in response to the crisis. Europe The European Union and its member states adopted a number of measures to enhance security of supply and market resilience ahead of the 2022/23 heating season. However…
-
China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 4. TFC Solar PV project in South Africa
…industrial demand, can support both energy security and lower-carbon production in one of Africa’s most important mining economies.The project was announced during the 2024 China-South Africa Economic and Trade Forum, receiving support from both countries. Financing model and China’s role The TFC project is financed through a joint equity and debt structure, with CGN as the majority shareholder. Total project costs are estimated at more than RMB 500 million (about USD 70 million), with equity contributions from the CGN, CADFund and KONA Holdings. The exact equity split has not been disclosed.In September 2024, the…
-
How global oil supplies have readjusted to help fill the huge gap left by the Strait of Hormuz shock
commentary Stock drawdowns, alternative routes and suppliers, and agile refiners have all contributed during the crisis, avoiding far more severe impacts on demand Global energy markets have been contending with their largest supply disruption in history resulting from the near closure of the Strait of Hormuz, a vital artery for oil and gas shipments to reach global markets. The cumulative oil supply losses from producers in the Middle East now exceed 1.3 billion barrels, with flows through the Strait of Hormuz falling from around 20 million barrels per day prior to the conflict to an average of 2.7…
-
Austria 2026 Executive summary
…across sectors. Austria must revisit and realign its delivery mechanisms and available financial resources to help close the gap to reach its targets. This report provides timely advice on how Austria can achieve its policy goals with particular focus on two areas: energy system flexibility and industrial competitiveness and decarbonisation.Energy affordability and industrial competitiveness are under pressure. Austria’s industries – which contributed 22% of gross domestic product (GDP) and employed 26% of the workforce in 2024 – face challenges from high energy prices, competitive pressures and the need to decarbonise. In response to the energy crisis in 2021-2022, the…
-
China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Dashboard
…technology, instrument, provider type and currency (when applicable). Developed to bring greater understanding of China’s diverse financing channels, the dashboard allows users to filter and compare flows in either USD (2024, MER) or by project count. It is designed to complement the analysis in this report and to support deeper understanding of how different institutions and instruments shape China’s role in EMDE energy finance.Use the filters to explore how Chinese energy finance is distributed around the world. Definition of the fields Technology: specifies the type of technology the provided financing supports. When a specific project spans multiple…
-
Transport
Transport
-
Ramping up Heat Pumps in Moldova: A Roadmap A pathway for heat pumps
Heat pumps can strengthen Moldova’s energy security, independence, air pollution and emissions, and even improve energy affordability. Given the regional turmoil – notably in the energy sector – over the past three years and into early 2025, there is a compelling case for reducing natural gas consumption by deploying heat pumps. While Moldova is only beginning to realise its heat pump potential, this presents a significant opportunity to design the system effectively – by stimulating demand, expanding supply, financing the transition and establishing clear regulations. A comprehensive approach will help to ensure a steady and orderly deployment. The following table recommends specific…
-
Madagascar
Around a quarter of the population of Madagascar has access to electricity, and only 1.5% has access to clean cooking facilities. In 2019, Madagascar’s energy mix was dominated by biofuels and wastes (85%), with oil products (11%), coal and hydro accounting for the rest of the total energy supply. In 2020, less than 5% of the population had access to clean cooking and 27% had access to electricity. The Government of Madagascar has set a target of reaching 70% electricity access rate by 2030.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
-
+ 5 pages
![Madagascar Flag]()
-
Mali
In recent years, the rate of access to electricity in Mali has surpassed 25%, thanks to a public focus on mini-grid solutions. The government of Mali now plans to increase hybridisation of its mini-grids by adding PV capacity to diesel power plants. In 2019, Mali’s energy mix was dominated by biofuels and wastes (65%) and oil products (32%), with coal and hydro accounting for the rest. In 2020, less than 5% of the population had access to clean cooking and 52% had access to electricity. For electricity access, the country targets 70% access by 2025, 80% by…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
-
+ 5 pages
![Mali Flag]()
-
India
Energy demand in India is growing rapidly with major implications for the global energy market. The Government of India has made remarkable progress in providing access to electricity and clean cooking while implementing a range of energy market reforms and integrating a high share of renewable energy sources into the grid. India, with a population of 1.36 billion and a fast growing economy, has seen its energy demand increasing rapidly as the country continues to urbanize and the manufacturing sector develops. This growing demand is met through various energy sources, with coal set to remain the largest source of…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
-
+ 5 pages
![India Flag]()
