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State of Energy Policy 2026
…to the period 1973-2025, from oil and natural gas to clean energy technology supply chains and critical minerals. It also spotlights the policy momentum around energy access, most particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, taking stock of the policy progress since the IEA Summit on Clean Cooking in Africa in 2024.The State of Energy Policy series draw on the Global Energy Policies Hub, which tracks more than 6 500 measures across 84 countries and more than 200 policy types, and the Climate Pledges Explorer, exploring last climate commitments made for more than 190 countries, both updated with the release of the report.
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Energy security
Multiple benefits of Energy Efficiency 2025 Energy efficiency provides multiple benefits. This page explores energy security. Why is energy efficiency important for energy security? Energy efficiency can help mitigate energy security risks by reducing the reliance on fossil fuel imports, improving grid reliability, and acting as a buffer to supply shocks. Key facts Efficiency gains from the last two decades avoided the need for 20% more fossil fuel imports in IEA countries. Energy efficiency and demand response can support grid reliability by reducing peak demand. For instance, more efficient air conditioners in India could lower the impact of heatwaves on…
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Policy Toolbox for Industrial Decarbonisation
…areas with nine categories in total that group policy instruments according to their objectives. These broad areas are: Framework fundamentals, including (1) Establishing plans and policies for long-term GHG emissions reductions and (2) Mobilising finance and investment; Targeted actions for specific technologies and strategies, including (3) Managing existing assets and near-term investment, (4) Creating a market for near-zero emissions materials production, (5) Developing technologies, and (6) Accelerating material efficiency and circularity; and Necessary enabling conditions, including (7) International co-operation and a level playing field, (8) Infrastructure planning and development, and (9) Tracking progress and improving data.
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Energy savings
Multiple benefits of Energy Efficiency 2025 Energy efficiency provides multiple benefits. This page explores energy savings. Why is energy efficiency important for energy savings? Energy efficiency measures reduce the amount of energy required to fuel and grow our economies. In economies where energy demand is set to grow significantly, efficiency also helps improve people’s lives by increasing access to additional energy services. Key facts In the last two decades, efficiency measures have generated over 27 EJ of energy savings in IEA countries alone, equivalent to 20% of total energy demand.The industry (including manufacturing) and services (including commercial buildings) sectors…
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Gaining an Edge
…it can also improve the competitiveness of countries and firms. From increased profitability to job creation, energy efficiency helps firms compete amid high costs, growing demand, and rising trade pressures. In today’s global context, energy efficiency is not only a matter of energy policy, but also of economic policy.The report analyses historical progress in industrial energy efficiency and its role in enhancing industrial competitiveness. It includes comparisons of firm-level energy efficiency, identifying performance gaps and opportunities for further improvement. Drawing on a new IEA survey of 1 000 firms across 14 countries, it provides insights into industry perspectives…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025
Accelerating sector transitions through stronger International collaboration Breakthrough Agenda Report 2024 Since its launch at COP 26, the Breakthrough Agenda has become established as an annual collaborative process centred around the Conference of the Parties (COP) meetings of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It is currently supported by over 60 countries representing over 80% of global GDP, and by over 150 initiatives working to enhance collaboration within major emitting sectors. Countries can endorse Breakthrough goals to make clean technologies and sustainable practices more affordable, accessible and attractive than their alternatives by 2030 in the power, road transport…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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+ 4 pages
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Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions
Global Commission on People-Centred Clean Energy Transitions: Designing for Fairness The Indicators Handbook is based on the voluntary G20 Principles for Just and Inclusive Transitions, endorsed by G20 leaders in November 2024. The principles, which reflect varying perspectives, contexts and experiences, form a framework for approaching transitions that maximises benefits and mitigates the risk of unintended consequences. Designed as a technical resource, the Indicators Handbook provides guidance for governments and other stakeholders on identifying relevant indicators as a first step towards tracking policy design and implementation in line with the G20 Principles for Just and Inclusive Transitions. The Handbook…
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Renewables 2025
Analysis and forecasts to 2030 Renewables 2025 Renewables 2025 is the IEA's main annual report on the sector. It presents the latest forecasts and analysis, based on recent policy and market developments, while also exploring key challenges and opportunities facing the sector.This year’s edition provides forecasts for the deployment of renewable energy technologies in electricity, transport and heat through 2030. It also examines notable developments in key areas of the sector, including policy changes, manufacturing trends, and the financial health of different parts of the industry.
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COP28 Tripling Renewable Capacity Pledge 2025: Update
…200 countries from June 2024 to December 2025 to identify how national renewable capacity ambitions have changed since the last report. This analysis benchmarks renewable ambitions in new NDC submissions against national plans. The report also assesses how they both align with the tripling global renewable capacity by 2030 pledge.Renewable Energy Progress Tracker now includes updated data on countries' ambitions from this report.This report was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union as part of its funding of the Clean Energy Transitions in Emerging Economies programme (CETEE-2) within the IEA’s Clean Energy Transitions Programme.
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The Implications of Oil and Gas Field Decline Rates
…and, by extension, for market balances.The International Energy Agency (IEA) has long examined this issue, and a detailed understanding of decline rates is at the heart of IEA modelling and analysis, underpinning the insights provided by the scenarios in the World Energy Outlook.This new report – based on analysis of the production records of around 15 000 oil and gas fields around the world – explores the implications of accelerating decline rates, growing reliance on unconventional resources, and evolving project development patterns for the global oil and gas supply landscape, for energy security and for investment. It also provides regional insights.
