-
Renewables 2025 Renewable heat
…China. If fossil fuel use is not contained, the heat sector alone in 2025-2030 could consume more than one-fifth of the remaining carbon budget for an even chance to limit global warming to 1.5°C Renewable heat consumption is expected to accelerate slightly over the outlook period, rising more than 42% (+12 EJ) globally during 2025-2030 – twice the increase of the previous six-year period. Nonetheless, this growth represents just 70% of the projected global increase in total heat demand, leading to rising fossil fuel consumption for heat and associated CO2 emissions (+4%/+0.6 Gt CO2 in annual emissions)…
-
Renewables 2025 Executive summary
…hydropower, bioenergy and geothermal. In more than 80% of countries worldwide, renewable power capacity is set to grow faster between 2025 and 2030 than it did over the previous five-year period. However, challenges including grid integration, supply chain vulnerabilities and financing are also increasing. The increase in solar PV capacity is set to more than double over the next five years, dominating the global growth of renewables. Low costs, faster permitting and broad social acceptance continue to drive the accelerating adoption of solar PV. Wind power faces supply chain issues, rising costs and permitting delays – but global capacity is…
-
Renewables 2022 Renewable electricity
…12-24 months, renewable capacity expansion under the accelerated case is demonstrated to be almost 25% higher than in the main case, producing nearly 2 950 GW in total additions globally. Globally, the pace of renewable capacity expansion over the forecast period in the main case needs to increase 60% to be in line with the IEA Net Zero by 2050 Scenario. In the accelerated case, however, growth in the next five years (under policies that address challenges and faster implementation of countries’ existing plans) narrows the gap for renewable electricity growth needed to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Overall…
-
Renewables 2021 Biofuels
…recovered from Covid-19 disruption, but remains well below 2019 levels (IEA, 2021c). Increasing energy efficiency, surging electric vehicle sales and behaviour change all contribute to lower demand. Lower gasoline demand reduces ethanol volumes under current policies. However, ethanol demand recovery in Brazil and growing demand in Asia eventually offset declines in the United States and Europe in 2023.By comparison, in 2021 biodiesel, renewable diesel and biojet, expand well beyond 2019 levels, albeit from a low base for biojet. The combined demand for these fuels in 2021 is up 15%, or 7 billion litres, from 2019 levels. Renewable di...
-
Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Investment and innovation
Highlights Capital spending on low-emissions hydrogen projects reached USD 4.3 billion in 2024, an 80% increase from 2023. Based on recent final investment decisions (FIDs), spending could rise by more than 80% in 2025 to nearly USD 8 billion.In 2024, capital spending was almost evenly split between electrolysis and carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS)-equipped hydrogen production. In 2025, electrolysis is expected to account for 80% of spending but only 56% of production from projects under construction, given its higher capital intensity.Investment in electrolysis-based projects is highest in China and Europe, while the United States allocates a larger share…
-
State of Energy Policy 2026 Energy efficiency and fuel switching regulations
…MEPS saw increased stringency. The most significant decreases in efficiency stringency were in the United States, where the One Big Beautiful Bill Act removed corporate average fuel economy civil penalties, and the Department of Energy repealed earlier energy conservation standards for selected appliances. These changes are expected to have large impacts on MEPS compliance out to 2030. Other notable delays or decreases in stringency included revisions to the United Kingdom’s plans to phase out new gas boiler installations, Canada pausing its 2026 zero emissions vehicle mandate to give the automotive industry additional time to prepare, and the Eurasian Economic Union (comprising Armenia, Belarus…
-
Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Trade and infrastructure
…equivalent to 2.5% of the annual output from committed low-emissions hydrogen projects. Progress remains concentrated in Germany, where one commercial-scale salt cavern project has reached FID.By 2030, over 130 high-traffic ports could have access to at least 100 ktpa of low-emissions hydrogen within a distance of 500 km, based on announced production projects, though availability varies widely by location and cargo segment. Nearly 80 ports score more than 5 (out of 10) in the IEA’s Chemical-handling Infrastructure Score, which reflects physical infrastructure and operational expertise that can enable the adoption of low-emissions fuels.Of these…
-
India Bioenergy Market Report Executive summary
…is also growing in sustainable aviation fuels and innovative fuel pathways. As demand for low-emissions fuels in aviation is expected to grow, so too is demand for biojet. However, rapid deployment of new projects, as well as scaling up new fuel technology pathways, will be required to meet forthcoming demand driven by India’s sustainable aviation fuel mandate.Liquid and gaseous biofuels are forecast to more than double in India if the right measures are implemented. In the main case forecast, which reflects current policies, projects, feedstock availability and market conditions, these fuels are expected to grow by more…
-
Luxembourg 2026 Executive summary
…growth, energy-related emissions have already fallen by 40% since 2005, reflecting the success of early measures. Public support for climate action is also robust, providing a strong foundation for the next phase of the transition. To meet its targets, however, Luxembourg will need to implement more ambitious decarbonisation policies while carefully managing energy security and affordability considerations.Luxembourg faces unique challenges in its energy transition due to its small surface area and import-dependent economy. Moreover, the combination of its central location in Europe and historically low fuel taxes mean there are sizeable fuel sales to customers from abroad…
-
World Energy Outlook 2022 Energy security in energy transitions
…reduces exposure to fuel price volatility and brings down energy bills, but there is no guarantee that the journey will be a smooth one. Traditional security threats remain, even as new potential vulnerabilities emerge. The World Energy Outlook 2022 proposes the following ten guidelines to help buttress energy security in the “mid-transition”, when the clean energy and fossil fuel systems co-exist and are both required to deliver reliable energy services. Key findings Synchronise scaling up a range of clean energy technologies with scaling back of fossil fuels. Investing in clean energy is key to avoid future crises while reducing emissions…
